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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases are among the most direct human health consequences of biodiversity change. The COVID-19 pandemic increased health policymakers\u2019 attention on the links between ecological degradation and disease, and sparked discussions around nature-based interventions to mitigate zoonotic emergence and epidemics. Yet, although disease ecology provides an increasingly granular knowledge of wildlife disease in changing ecosystems, we still have a poor understanding of the net consequences for human disease. Here, we argue that a renewed focus on wildlife-borne diseases as complex socio-ecological systems\u2014a\n                    <jats:italic>\u2018people and nature\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                    paradigm\u2014is needed to identify local interventions and transformative system-wide changes that could reduce human disease burden. We discuss longstanding scientific narratives of human involvement in zoonotic disease systems, which have largely framed people as ecological disruptors, and discuss three emerging research areas that provide wider system perspectives: how anthropogenic ecosystems construct new niches for infectious disease, feedbacks between disease, biodiversity and social vulnerability and the role of human-to-animal pathogen transmission (\u2018spillback\u2019) in zoonotic disease systems. We conclude by discussing new opportunities to better understand the predictability of human disease outcomes from biodiversity change and to integrate ecological drivers of disease into health intervention design and evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue \u2018Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T03:05:58Z","timestamp":1736391958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Towards a \u2018people and nature\u2019 paradigm for biodiversity and infectious disease"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4070-8265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rory","family":"Gibb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Redding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-5180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sagan","family":"Friant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"},{"name":"Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5231-3293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kate E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22899"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005 Ecosystems and Human Well-being Health synthesis: A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment World Health Organization Press: Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808772106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023540118"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-01312-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq5917"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-023-00085-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13590"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07380-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05506-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00774-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00031-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2016.1187260"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"Ecosystem perspectives are needed to manage zoonotic risks under climate change","volume":"27","author":"Gibb R","unstructured":"Gibb R, Franklinos L, Redding D, Jones K. 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