{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:19:59Z","timestamp":1778624399239,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1918","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202769\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202769\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["227904\/Z\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227904\/Z\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The environments that parasites experience within hosts change dramatically over 24 h. How rhythms shape host\u2013parasite\u2013vector interactions is poorly understood owing to the challenges of disentangling the roles of rhythms of multiple interacting species in the context of the complex lifecycles of parasites. Using canonical circadian clock-disrupted hosts, we probe the limits of flexibility in the rhythmic replication of malaria (\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) parasites and quantify the consequences for fitness proxies of both parasite and host. We reveal that parasites alter the duration of their replication rhythm to resonate with host rhythms that have short (21 h) daily T-cycles as accurately as when infecting hosts with 24 h cycles, but appear less capable of extending their replication rhythm in hosts with long (27 h) cycles. Despite matching the period of short T-cycle hosts, parasites are unable to lock to the correct phase, likely leading to lower within-host productivity and a reduction in transmission potential. However, parasites in long T-cycle hosts do not experience substantial fitness costs. Furthermore, T-cycle duration does not affect disease severity in clock-disrupted hosts. Understanding the rhythmic replication of malaria parasites offers the opportunity to interfere with parasite timing to improve health and reduce transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue issue \u2018Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T19:08:02Z","timestamp":1737572882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenotypic and fitness consequences of plasticity in the rhythmic replication of malaria parasites"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"given":"Jacob G.","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3503-094X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aidan J.","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1210-7214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Herbert-Mainero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"},{"name":"Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6716-6732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59427-3.00017-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1354"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853990X00112"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01803884"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-0831-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/ES14-00182.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47191-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12898"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16894.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006900"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004498X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1876"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873001129002114"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","volume-title":"Evolutionary ecology of circadian rhythms in malaria parasites","author":"Prior KF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prior KF. 2018 Evolutionary ecology of circadian rhythms in malaria parasites. 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