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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by impairments in executive function including different types of learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP), thought to underlie the formation of memories, has been studied in the\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse model of FXS. However, there have been many discrepancies in the literature with inconsistent use of littermate and non-littermate\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) control mice. Here, the influence of the breeding strategy (cage effect) on short-term potentiation (STP), LTP, contextual fear conditioning (CFC), expression of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methyl-\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits and the modulation of NMDARs, were examined. The largest deficits in STP, LTP and CFC were found in KO mice compared with non-littermate WT. However, the expression of NMDAR subunits was unchanged in this comparison. Rather, NMDAR subunit (GluN1, 2A, 2B) expression was sensitive to the cage effect, with decreased expression in both WT and KO littermates compared with non-littermates. Interestingly, an NMDAR-positive allosteric modulator, UBP714, was only effective in potentiating the induction of LTP in non-littermate KO mice and not the littermate KO mice. These results suggest that commonly studied phenotypes in\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KOs are sensitive to the cage effect and therefore the breeding strategy may contribute to discrepancies in the literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \u2018Long-term potentiation: 50 years on\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T03:05:53Z","timestamp":1717988753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cage effects on synaptic plasticity and its modulation in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"379","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-4878","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rasa","family":"Volianskis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-4557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camilla J.","family":"Lundbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5019-8949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gillian N.","family":"Petroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David. E.","family":"Jane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hello Bio Limited, Cabot Park, Avonmouth , Bristol BS11 0QL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-6384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-5359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graham L.","family":"Collingridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , 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