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B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The synchronization of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites as they replicate within red blood cells of their vertebrate host remains largely unexplored. Understanding this synchronization could reveal how parasites optimize their lifecycle to maximize transmission, evade the immune response and maximize energy acquisition. Rhythmic replication fulfils some criteria of an endogenous oscillator with time of day cues potentially provided by temperature, oxygen levels, hormones and\/or nutrient availability. Recent research on a rodent malaria model has highlighted that rhythms associated with the host\u2019s feeding\/fasting cycle are a crucial factor influencing the synchronization of the erythrocytic stages of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    to the host\u2019s circadian cycle. Innate immune responses are also rhythmic and can regulate host metabolism, suggesting that the innate immune response triggered by\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    contributes to its rhythmic replication. Here, we outline how the interplay between immune responses and metabolism could influence the timing and synchronization of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s replication rhythm, focusing on the roles of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor, mitochondrial function and metabolites generated by the tricarboxylic acid cycle in highly activated monocytes. These processes are pivotal in controlling parasitemia and determining disease outcome, suggesting that a better understanding of energy metabolism on rhythmic host\u2013parasite interactions may provide new insights for therapeutic interventions against malaria.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue \u2018Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T19:08:02Z","timestamp":1737572882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune regulation of host energy metabolism and periodicity of malaria parasites"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-6043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabella Cristina","family":"Hirako","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology - Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Tostes","family":"Gazzinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology - Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","unstructured":"RBM. 2022 Partnership to end malaria. 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