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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae,<\/jats:italic>\n                    the causative agent of cholera, has triggered seven pandemics, with the seventh pandemic emerging in 1961. The success of seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a human pathogen is linked to its acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like the CTX\u03a6 prophage and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity island 1 (VPI-1). Additional MGEs, including VPI-2 and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    seventh pandemic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II), are thought to have further enhanced the pathogen\u2019s virulence potential. However, recent research suggests that these MGEs serve as reservoirs for defence systems, which may represent their main role. In this review, I highlight conserved defence systems in the 7PET lineage, including a cyclic-oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling system, DNA defence modules (DdmABC and DdmDE), an anti-viral cytidine deaminase, and diverse restriction systems (T1RM and TgvAB). I also discuss two defence systems encoded on a VSP-II variant unique to West Africa\u2013South America lineage strains and the chromosomal integron, recently recognized as a biobank for defence systems. Lastly, I address the challenges posed by the scarcity of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    phages, which often require studying these systems in heterologous hosts like\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , leaving their natural triggers and defence roles against predatory phages of 7PET\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    largely unexplored.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue \u2018The ecology and evolution of bacterial immune systems\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T07:05:38Z","timestamp":1756969538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-1489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melanie","family":"Blokesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)","place":["Lausanne, 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