{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:49:17Z","timestamp":1787010557014,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1921","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009193","name":"Marsden Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The ribosome consists of protein and RNA components. Deletion of genes encoding specific ribosomal proteins has revealed that heterogeneity in the ribosome must exist in vertebrates; however, this has not been tested for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). In zebrafish (\n                    <jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the \u201845S-M\u2019 ribosomal RNA-encoding locus undergoes massive extrachromosomal amplification during oocyte growth and ovary differentiation and is distinct from the regular ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus encoding somatic rRNA (45S-S). Although the 45S-M rDNA locus falls within the only described sex-linked region in multiple wild zebrafish strains, its role in sexual differentiation is unclear. We used CRISPR\u2013Cas9 gene editing to alter 45S-M rDNA sequences in zygotes and found that although there was no effect on growth or male development, there was dramatic suppression of female differentiation. Males with edited 45S-M rDNA produced phenotypically normal sperm and were able to fertilize eggs from wild-type females, with resulting embryos once more displaying normal development. Our work supports the hypothesis that specialized 45S-M rDNA is the elusive apical sex-determining locus in zebrafish and that this region represents the most tractable genetic system to date for studying ribosomal RNA heterogeneity and function in a vertebrate.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue \u2018Ribosome diversity and its impact on protein synthesis, development and disease\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T03:05:01Z","timestamp":1741230301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Variant ribosomal DNA is essential for female differentiation in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7650-5716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tim V.","family":"Moser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago","place":["Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-1263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donna M.","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago","place":["Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6735-225X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Hore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago","place":["Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227561a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5481.920"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5481.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/190576a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1644"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2022.2135299"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-10-r216"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317555a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05508-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3117"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1269"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6858507"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(03)00199-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02617-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7040"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao0665"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.061515.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10894-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052180209"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001100302"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","article-title":"Immunoglobulin switch-like recombination regions implicated in the formation of extrachromosomal circular 45S rDNA involved in the maternal-specific translation system of zebrafish","author":"Breit TM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breit TM, Rauwerda H, Pagano JFB, Ensink WA, Nehrdich U, Spaink HP, Dekker RJ. 2020 Immunoglobulin switch-like recombination regions implicated in the formation of extrachromosomal circular 45S rDNA involved in the maternal-specific translation system of zebrafish. 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