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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Elevated atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations increase the productivity of plants by enhancing the photosynthesis\/photorespiration balance. It has long been recognized that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    acts as a signal, for example, in the regulation of stomatal closure, as well as the substrate of photosynthesis. Early concepts of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    signalling in plants focused on a mode of action based on alterations in primary metabolism, particularly sugar availability and signalling. However, stomatal guard cells employ a CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensing and signalling mechanism that is independent of sugars. We discuss the possibility that a similar pathway exists in all cells, where it drives calcium-mediated waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS), facilitating cell-to-cell communication of biotic and abiotic threats. The plasma membrane H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor HPCA1 is required for both stomatal closure and the systemic transmission of stress signals. Moreover, increased oxidation of the apoplast activates G protein functions and alters sugar processing and signalling in the apoplast. We discuss the concept elevated CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    constitutes an environmental stress that has a positive effect on plant innate immunity but a negative impact on crop nutritional quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Crops under stress: can we mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture and launch the \u2018Resilience Revolution\u2019?\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T08:29:38Z","timestamp":1748507378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    signalling in 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