{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:23:40Z","timestamp":1792416220099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1943","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One of the primary aims of cognitive and behavioural sciences is to generate empirical findings that are both reproducible and generalizable to real-world settings. The present study investigates the extent to which results obtained from a structured laboratory task\u2014parent\u2013infant toy play\u2014can be generalized to more naturalistic contexts and everyday activities. We focused on joint attention between parents and infants, a construct that has been extensively examined within developmental science. To characterize parent\u2013infant joint attention during toy play, we recorded and analysed contingent gaze behaviour captured through dual head-mounted eye-tracking devices worn simultaneously by parents and their infants during spontaneous activities such as toy play and meal preparation. By continuously monitoring gaze locations and manual actions, we obtained fine-grained measures of how often dyads fixated on the same object concurrently and how their coordinated visual and manual behaviours contributed to the establishment and maintenance of joint attention. Our results suggest that laboratory findings can be both replicated and generalized when: (i) the study is designed to capture natural behaviours rather than to elicit specific, constrained responses, and (ii) the theoretical constructs are clearly defined and precisely measured through high-resolution behavioural data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Mechanisms of learning from social interaction\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:37:02Z","timestamp":1770280622000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examining micro-level natural behaviour to improve generalizability in behavioural science: a case study of parent\u2013child joint attention"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 1 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX, USA, 78712"],"department":["Department of Psychology"]},{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 2 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"department":["Center for Perceptual Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 1 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX, USA, 78712"],"department":["Department of Psychology"]},{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 2 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"department":["Center for Perceptual Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Schroer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 1 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX, USA, 78712"],"department":["Department of Psychology"]},{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 2 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"department":["Center for Perceptual Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Hayhoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin 2 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"department":["Center for Perceptual Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020503365514000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245919900809","article-title":"Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the infant-directed-speech preference","volume":"3","author":"ManyBabies Consortium","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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