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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus seropositivity has shown varying levels of association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in previous studies. This study uses updated data from the UK Biobank to test these associations. The association between human cytomegalovirus seropositivity and outcomes of incident cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and all-cause mortality was determined using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models in 8740 UK Biobank participants aged 40\u201369 years. Two directed acyclic graphs depicting the hypothesized relationship between human cytomegalovirus infection (either in childhood or adulthood) and cardiovascular disease\/all-cause mortality controlled the selection of biological and socioeconomic confounders to be adjusted for in each model. Human cytomegalovirus seropositivity was not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, stroke or all-cause mortality when applying either the fully adjusted adulthood or childhood infection models. We found no significant association between human cytomegalovirus seropositivity and any of the measured outcomes. Further research is expected to include larger sample sizes, younger participants and more ethnically diverse cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue \u2018The indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection: mechanisms and consequences\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:08:23Z","timestamp":1762416503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acyclic graphs to define models of relationships between human cytomegalovirus, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"380","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Doorly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Y.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Littlejohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian C.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seilesh","family":"Kadambari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klenerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK"},{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-2209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Mentzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001258"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2034"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00582-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw668"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101516"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016103"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000080263.46164.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1202138"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506683"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92529-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420213"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"High prevalence of latently present cytomegalovirus in arterial walls of patients suffering from grade III atherosclerosis","volume":"136","author":"Hendrix MG","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hendrix MG, Salimans MM, van Boven CP, Bruggeman CA. 1990 High prevalence of latently present cytomegalovirus in arterial walls of patients suffering from grade III atherosclerosis. 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