{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1784357596868,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1941","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While efforts to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem gather momentum, the potential zoonotic risk posed by livestock Schistosoma species via viable hybridization in sub-Saharan Africa has only begun to be appreciated. Recent research revealed widescale use and misuse of praziquantel (PZQ) in livestock among subsistence farmers within West Africa, in response to the often high morbidities and mortalities, and hence socioeconomic impact, of animal schistosomiasis. Such findings raised policy discussion into the potential need to formalize livestock schistosomiasis treatments, balanced against the necessity to protect against PZQ resistance. Here, we present results of an anthelmintic efficacy trial in which 25 mg kg\u22121 of veterinary-formula PZQ was given orally to naturally Schistosoma spp.-infected domestic ruminants of northern Senegal. Miracidial reduction rates revealed acceptable efficacy levels within cattle infected with S. bovis, but near zero efficacies in goats and sheep infected with S. curassoni and\/or hybrids. Furthermore, increased miracidial output post-PZQ was observed among several individuals, particularly within sheep. There was a significant increase in body condition in both cattle and sheep post-PZQ. Microsatellite molecular markers of parasites from bovines indicated a greater level of population genetic differentiation between pre- and post-PZQ samples than between villages, with a genetic signature of inbreeding in one village with the lowest PZQ efficacy. We discuss our findings in terms of their implications and applications towards reaching the WHO elimination targets and the need for future One Health research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Science+ meeting issue \u2018Parasite evolution and impact in action: exploring the importance and control of hybrid schistosomes\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:46:52Z","timestamp":1774525612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variable efficacy of praziquantel among\n                    <i>Schistosoma<\/i>\n                    -infected ruminants of northern Senegal\u2014a drug trial and population genetic study across two contrasting epidemiological regions"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana V.","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas D,","family":"Diouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger 2 , , ,","place":["Saint Louis, Saint-Louis Region, Senegal, UFR S2ATA"],"department":["Department of Animal Husbandry and Livestock"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6882-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsilandia","family":"Aguiar-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3189-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Borlase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1149-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh","family":"Binetou-Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar 3 , , ,","place":["Dakar, Dakar Region, Senegal, BP 5005"],"department":["Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine, Pharmacie et Odontologie"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Cahen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariama","family":"S\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger 2 , , ,","place":["Saint Louis, Saint-Louis Region, Senegal, UFR S2ATA"],"department":["Department of Animal Husbandry and Livestock"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne P.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College 1 , , ,","place":["Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK, AL9 7TA"],"department":["Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061003415948000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0275-5","article-title":"Schistosomiasis is more prevalent than previously thought: what does it mean for public health goals, policies, strategies, guidelines and intervention programs?","volume":"6","author":"Colley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812165","article-title":"Schistosomiasis - assessing progress toward the 2020 and 2025 global goals","volume":"381","author":"Deol","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0434","article-title":"The contribution of mass drug administration to global health: past, present and future","volume":"369","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12341","article-title":"One health \u2013 an ecological and evolutionary framework for tackling neglected zoonotic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Webster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trx047","article-title":"Should we be treating animal schistosomiasis in Africa? The need for a One Health economic evaluation of schistosomiasis burden and control in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"111","author":"Gower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R6","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R7","volume-title":"WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00221-3","article-title":"Review of 2022 WHO guidelines on the control and elimination of schistosomiasis","volume":"22","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635869","article-title":"Schistosomiasis morbidity hotspots: roles of the human host, the parasite and their interface in the development of severe morbidity","volume":"12","author":"Mawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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Med."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0324-0","article-title":"Praziquantel decreases fecundity in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms that survive treatment: evidence from a laboratory life-history trade-offs selection study","volume":"6","author":"Lamberton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2022.2145070","article-title":"Praziquantel efficacy, urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis reinfection \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Aboagye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. 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Health Prod."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60426-1","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in cattle","volume":"41","author":"De Bont","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R50","unstructured":"Vercruysse\n              J\n            \n          . 2015Schistosomiasis: MSD Veterinary Manual. Seehttps:\/\/www.msdvetmanual.com\/circulatory-system\/blood-parasites\/schistosomiasis (accessed-June-2016)."},{"key":"2026061003415948000_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1312-0","article-title":"New approaches to measuring anthelminthic drug efficacy: parasitological responses of childhood schistosome infections to treatment with praziquantel","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. 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