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Such behaviours may induce potentially reversible changes in gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, thus capturing cultural behaviour on a molecular level. Some Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, use marine sponges as foraging tools and exhibit differences in diet, sociality and survival compared to dolphins that use the same habitat but lack the tool-using know-how (\u2018non-spongers\u2019). We investigated the relationship between this culturally transmitted behaviour and skin DNA methylation patterns at 29\u00a0812 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites of the HorvathMammalMethylChip40. Machine learning models, based on differences in DNA methylation at specific CpG sites, showed moderate ability to discriminate between spongers (n = 23) and non-spongers (n = 73; area under the curve = 0.68). Permutation tests indicated that our main machine learning model performed significantly better than random at differentiating spongers from non-spongers, suggesting that DNA methylation patterns contain information associated with sponging behaviour. Our study on the nexus between epigenetics and cultural evolution opens a promising avenue of research on the molecular underpinnings of cultural practises, important to the biology of humans and other animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Ecological epigenetics at the intersection of behaviour and life history variation in non-model animals\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:47:47Z","timestamp":1784814467000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A culturally transmitted foraging technique in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins can be predicted by DNA-methylation levels"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Gerber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO 1 , Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5535-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danai","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol 2 , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich 4 , Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2715-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Suderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol 3 , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol 5 , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol 3 , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol 5 , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5608-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela R.","family":"Bizzozzero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich 4 , Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol 2 , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Oceans Institute. School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia 6 , Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5529-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svenja M.","family":"Marfurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich 4 , Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceans Institute. School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia 6 , Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Marine Vertebrate Ecology Lab, Environmental Futures, University of Wollongong 7 , Wollongong, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol 2 , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich 4 , Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Oceans Institute. School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia 6 , Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard C.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment & Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University 8 , North Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee A.","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney 9 , Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1055-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kr\u00fctzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich 4 , Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Oceans Institute. 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