{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:09:24Z","timestamp":1786417764146,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1955","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25H01313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25H01313"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25K02324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K02324"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23K23934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K23934"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22H04983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H04983"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["20H04873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04873"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19H03277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03277"]}]},{"name":"JST FOREST","award":["21467575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21467575"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004398","name":"Mitsubishi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Toray Science and Technology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006324","name":"National Institute for Basic Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23NIBB429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23NIBB429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006324","name":"National Institute for Basic Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\u2013358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\u2013358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JST SPRING","award":["JPMJSP2108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2108"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020354","name":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The diversification of epigenetic regulation, including chromatin accessibility, is crucial for adaptation to diverse environments. Chromatin regulation in endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland, plays a critical role in controlling various physiological processes underlying life-history traits, including growth, metabolism and reproduction. To understand the genetic architecture responsible for epigenomic divergence, we investigated chromatin accessibility in the pituitary gland using a parapatric pair of marine and stream ecotypes of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). First, we characterized the distinct chromatin accessibility profiles of the ecotypes. Our chromatin quantitative trait loci (cQTL) mapping identified both cis- and trans-QTL across the genome. Further comparative analyses of effect size, direction of effect and functional enrichment suggest that cis- and trans-cQTLs may contribute differently to epigenomic divergence between ecotypes. These results suggest that epigenomic divergence could be a key regulatory mechanism underlying local adaptation and support the contribution of both cis- and trans-cQTL to the evolution of complex traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Ecological epigenetics at the intersection of behaviour and life history variation in non-model animals\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:48:57Z","timestamp":1784814537000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic landscape underlying pituitary epigenome divergence between stickleback ecotypes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1 , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan"},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki 2 , Helsinki 00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genetics 3 , Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi J.","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University 4 , Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University 5 , Tsuruoka 997-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldy A.","family":"Sutrisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1 , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1 , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asano","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1 , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081010162573300_RSTB20250028C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00692-9","article-title":"Chromatin accessibility profiling by ATAC-seq","volume":"17","author":"Grandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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