{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:15:51Z","timestamp":1775121351233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1947","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sex and mitochondria are inextricably linked in the eukaryotic tree of life, a confounding situation given the uniparental inheritance of mitochondria and the biparental inheritance that sexual reproduction entails. Unisexual vertebrate lineages, which arise via hybridization and asexually pass on their genetic material to clonal descendants, provide a unique opportunity to study mitochondrial evolution without potentially confounding effects of sex. Hybridity and clonality set unisexual vertebrates apart from other vertebrates and establish a distinct genetic environment that shapes their evolution, especially dynamics between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Here, we provide a perspective on the mitonuclear genomic interactions experienced by unisexual vertebrates and the implications of these interactions on mitochondrial function and integration into organismal performance and fitness. Building upon the hypothesis that sexual reproduction arose to maintain coadaptation between co-functioning nuclear and mitochondrial genes, we propose that unisexual vertebrates may be confined to predominantly \u2018young\u2019 lineages because mitonuclear incompatibilities\u2014arising from either hybridity or clonality\u2014increase the probability of extinction over time (the Mitonuclear Erosion Hypothesis). We provide a multidisciplinary collection of strategies to disentangle the effects of clonality and hybridity and quantify the relative degree to which these characteristics contribute to differences in mitochondrial function, organismal performance and fitness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Evolutionary genetics of mitochondria: on diverse and common evolutionary constraints across eukarya\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1775117360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitonuclear dynamics in unisexual vertebrates"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy L.","family":"Klabacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham Young University 1 , , ,","place":["Provo, UT, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]},{"name":"Utah Tech University 2 , , ,","place":["St. George, UT, USA"],"department":["Biological Sciences Department"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University 3 , , ,","place":["Auburn, AL, USA"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2209-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian K.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University 4 , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"department":["School of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3642-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Sharbrough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 5 , , ,","place":["Socorro, NM, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]},{"name":"University of California 6 , , ,","place":["Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"department":["Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Denton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marian University 7 , , ,","place":["Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]},{"name":"Ball State University 8 , , ,","place":["Muncie, IN, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Tech University 9 , , ,","place":["Cookeville, TN, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin C.","family":"Havird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin 10 , , ,","place":["Austin, TX, USA"],"department":["Department of Integrative Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040204091492400_R1","volume-title":"The theory of evolution","author":"Maynard Smith"},{"key":"2026040204091492400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(64)90047-8","article-title":"The relation of recombination to mutational advance","volume":"106","author":"Muller","year":"1964","journal-title":"Mutat. 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