{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:29:48Z","timestamp":1771273788208,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1941","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Schistosomiasis is prevalent among school-aged children (SAC) in Mangochi District, Malawi, where both intestinal and urogenital forms are endemic. In 2024, we identified schistosomiasis cases predominantly associated with excretion of Schistosoma haematobium \u00d7 Schistosoma mattheei ova in the faeces of two individuals from Samama village, Mangochi District. In this expanded cross-sectional study, we characterize the prevalence and species composition of Schistosoma infections among 247 SAC in Samama, using genus- and species-specific molecular diagnostics. We also present follow-up data from the two previous cases, showing natural mixed-species re-infection six months after treatment. Schistosomiasis prevalence among SAC was 62.3%. Schistosoma spp. DNA was detected in 50.6% of faecal samples and Schistosoma spp. ova were observed on 34.8% of urine filters. Species-specific assays detected S. haematobium, S. mattheei and S. mansoni DNA in 36.8%, 14.4% and 18.4% of faecal samples from children with intestinal schistosomiasis. Triple-species infections were identified in 10 children by faecal and urine testing. Notably, detection of S. haematobium DNA in faeces was strongly associated with S. mattheei co-infection (p = 0.006), highlighting potential cross-species interactions. Our findings underscore the need to integrate molecular diagnostics alongside routine testing strategies for enhanced surveillance of polyparasitic infections in zoonotic transmission zones across Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Science+ meeting issue \u2018Parasite evolution and impact in action: exploring the importance and control of hybrid schistosomes\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:41:11Z","timestamp":1767865271000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic interactions between\n                    <i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Schistosoma mattheei<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\n                    underscore the complex polyparasitism of intestinal schistosomiasis in southern Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1077-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus M.","family":"O'Ferrall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3017-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas J.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2800-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Makaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gladys","family":"Namacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]},{"name":"Semmelweis University of Medicine 3 , ,","place":["Budapest, Hungary"],"department":["Institute of Medical Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2673-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Cowlishaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rollason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]},{"name":"Cardiff University 4 , ,","place":["Cardiff, UK"],"department":["School of Biosciences"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Chammudzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donales R.","family":"Kapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6948-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekeleghe A.","family":"Kayuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]},{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. James","family":"LaCourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0760-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1 , ,","place":["Liverpool, UK"],"department":["Tropical Disease Biology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2928-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janelisa","family":"Musaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme 2 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"]},{"name":"KUHeS 5 , , ,","place":["Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"],"department":["School of Medicine and Oral Health"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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