{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:48:53Z","timestamp":1787791733305,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1954","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Planning entails running simulations forward to identify possible outcomes. It is useful for situations where outcomes are uncertain, costly or dangerous to pursue. A growing body of literature is finding that during theta states in the rodent hippocampus, sequences run forward along possible futures, enabling \u2018episodic future thinking\u2019 that can be used within a neural circuit for planning. Emerging data suggest that the prelimbic cortex initiates these simulations, an entorhinal\u2013hippocampal interaction generates them and valuation systems in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) and orbitofrontal cortex evaluate them, enabling downstream decision-making processes to take action. Within the hippocampus, each theta cycle carries activity representing the present followed by explorations of possible paths ahead of the animal. These representations occur serially and sequentially. These theta sweeps are not mere reflections of movement but dynamic cognitive simulations whose length, direction and content shift with learning, confidence and experience. Individual theta cycles change in length and representation from cycle to cycle, suggesting a cognitive role. In this review, we bring together that body of literature and identify open questions and controversies for future research, including questions regarding how sweeps are structured, how they shift between exploration and commitment, and how threat-related representations interface with avoidance circuits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018The role of hippocampal predictions in cognition: bridging perception and memory\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:07:55Z","timestamp":1783584475000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The vicarious nature of hippocampal theta sequences"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"381","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsey C.","family":"Damphousse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia M.","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5387-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen G.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2093-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7755-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandy","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5824-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugurcan","family":"Mugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 1","place":["Minneapolis,, MN,, USA"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience,"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3644-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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