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Evidence obtained in patients with late\u2013onset amnesia resulting from medial temporal pathology has given rise to two opposing interpretations of the effects of such damage on long\u2013term cognitive memory. One view is that cognitive memory, including memory for both facts and events, is served in a unitary manner by the hippocampus and its surrounding cortices; the other is that the basic function affected in amnesia is event memory, the memory for factual material often showing substantial preservation. Recent findings in patients with amnesia resulting from relatively selective hippocampal damage sustained early in life suggest a possible reconciliation of the two views. The new findings suggest that the hippocampus may be especially important for event as opposed to fact memory, with the surrounding cortical areas contributing to both. Evidence from neuroanatomical and neurobehavioural studies in monkeys is presented in support of this proposal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1033478582000},"page":"1461-1467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Hierarchical organization of cognitive memory"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"352","author":[{"given":"Mortimer","family":"Mishkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesda, MD 20892USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesda, MD 20892USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Gadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Physics Unit, Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London Medical School, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EHUK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraneh","family":"Vargha\u2013Khadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London Medical School, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EHUK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angeli S. 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