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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioluminescent beetles of the superfamily Elateroidea (fireflies, fire beetles, glow-worms) are the most speciose group of terrestrial light-producing animals. The evolution of bioluminescence in elateroids is associated with unusual morphological modifications, such as soft-bodiedness and neoteny, but the fragmentary nature of the fossil record discloses little about the origin of these adaptations. We report the discovery of a new bioluminescent elateroid beetle family from the mid-Cretaceous of northern Myanmar (<jats:italic>ca<\/jats:italic>99 Ma), Cretophengodidae fam. nov.<jats:italic>Cretophengodes azari<\/jats:italic>gen. et sp. nov. belongs to the bioluminescent lampyroid clade, and would appear to represent a transitional fossil linking the soft-bodied Phengodidae + Rhagophthalmidae clade and hard-bodied elateroids. The fossil male possesses a light organ on the abdomen which presumably served a defensive function, documenting a Cretaceous radiation of bioluminescent beetles coinciding with the diversification of major insectivore groups such as frogs and stem-group birds. The discovery adds a key branch to the elateroid tree of life and sheds light on the evolution of soft-bodiedness and the historical biogeography of elateroid beetles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.2730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T08:27:11Z","timestamp":1611131231000},"page":"20202730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cretophengodidae, a new Cretaceous beetle family, sheds light on the evolution of bioluminescence"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-202X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan-Da","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-1030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Kundrata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-5355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik","family":"Tihelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-3305","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5637-4867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-8323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.14.1.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.749"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Bioluminescence in action","author":"Lloyd JE","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011090017949"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"The nature and possible functions of luminescence in Coleoptera larvae","volume":"35","author":"Sivinski J","year":"1981","journal-title":"Coleopt. 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