{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:48:39Z","timestamp":1792622919304,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:bold>\n .<\/jats:bold>\n \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> are aerobic partially acid-fast bacteria that are environmentally ubiquitous. This group of bacteria causes a rare bacterial infection of either the lungs (pulmonary) or body (systemic) that usually affects immunocompromised individuals. \n \n Nocardia mexicana<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> was first isolated in 2004 from a patient with chronic bronchitis. However, there have been few reports on the clinical significance of this organism up to now. We herein report the first cases of \n \n N. mexicana<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> in patients with pulmonary and cutaneous infection from Iran.<\/jats:p>\n \n Case presentation.<\/jats:bold> A 57-year-old man was admitted to hospital due to a cutaneous wound on his left foot, fever, weakness, persistent cough and chest pain. At first, due to clinical examination and laboratory test, the patient was diagnosed as having tuberculosis. However, PCR of \n \n Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> was negative from broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Direct PCR of BAL was performed for this patient and according to the clinical examinations and microbiological evaluations; the micro-organism was identified as \n \n N. mexicana<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> and was isolated from both BAL and the wound. Finally, the patient was treated with linezolid and amikacin.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The infections, with actinomycetes such as \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, are easily neglected or misdiagnosed due to the fastidious nature of the organism and the inadequate microbiological experience of laboratories in the hospitals of developing countries. This case shows that hospitals should consider a better laboratory protocol to deal with the clinical cases in which fastidious organisms, and in particular \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, are involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T17:13:01Z","timestamp":1556039581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["First case report of pulmonary and cutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia mexicana in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Darioush","family":"Shokri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahereh","family":"Motalebirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Jafarinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Azadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran"},{"name":"4 Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181afa1c8"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Note sur la Maladie des boeufs de la Guadeloupe connuesous Le nom de farcin","volume":"2","author":"Nocard","year":"1888","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4497-4501.2003"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199807000-00004"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.012"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-9193-9"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.1.45"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4530-4535.2004"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.03.016"},{"key":"R10","article-title":"First case report of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia mexicana","volume":"3","author":"Ikeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMM case reports"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12308"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2805a-2805a.2000","article-title":"Rapid identification of clinically relevant Nocardia species to genus level by 16S rRNA gene PCR","volume":"38","author":"Laurent","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.851-856.2003"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti463"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17862"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475418755762"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000016?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T19:26:01Z","timestamp":1702668361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}}}