{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:48:23Z","timestamp":1780930103323,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006193","name":"College of Graduate Studies, Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["YM01\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YM01\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Periodontal diseases are a group of chronic infections that destroy tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Data on the anaerobes associated with periodontal infections in Kuwait is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> To investigate the target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients admitted to Dental Clinics in Kuwait University Health Sciences Center, Kuwait.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Patients with CP (severe and moderate) were recruited into this study during a period of 15 months. Samples were collected directly from inside the gingival pockets and subjected to semi-quantitative PCR assays.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> A total of 30 patients, stratified into moderate and severe CP and 31 healthy individuals, used as controls, were studied. Nine (30\u200a%) of the 30 patients were in the 50\u201359-year age group. The detection rate of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.9769\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> between the patients (9\u200a:\u200a30\u200a%) versus the controls (5\u200a:\u200a16.1\u200a%) was non-significant (<jats:italic>P &gt;<\/jats:italic>0.05). <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8347\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> spp., were detected in all patients versus 29 (93.1\u200a%) controls, (<jats:italic>P &gt;<\/jats:italic>0.05). However, four target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP patients; <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8029\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> was detected in ten (33.3\u200a%) patients versus two (6.4\u200a%) controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.0001); <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.12250\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> 25 (83.3 %) versus 16 (51.6\u200a%) controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.0001); <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.10933\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Parvimonas micra<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> 27 (90 %) versus 16 (51.6\u200a%) controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.0001) and <jats:italic>Treponema denticola,<\/jats:italic> 18 (60 %) versus nine (29 %) controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.0001), respectively. <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8042\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Prevotella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> spp. were detected in 27 (90 %) patients and 30 (96.7\u200a%) controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.5). There was no significant difference in the burden of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8042\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Prevotella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> spp. between patients and controls determined by semi-quantitative PCR assays.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Some (4\/7) of the target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP in our study. <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8029\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> was the most strongly associated anaerobe with CP, although not the keystone bacteria, while <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.8042\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Prevotella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> spp. was similar to the healthy controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T16:23:51Z","timestamp":1605543831000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameerah M.","family":"Alazemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Al Khabbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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