{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:11Z","timestamp":1792790531375,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Empirical evidence suggests that <jats:italic>Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic> L. treats enteric infections, including dysentery, cholera, and acute infectious gastroenteritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study is to clarify the growth-inhibitory effects of <jats:italic>Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic> L. extract against 56 strains of intestinal pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> \u2018Gogyo-so-cha (GSC)\u2019 was used as the <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic> L. formulation. A growth curve analysis was used to measure the growth-inhibitory effects of GSC, and Shiga toxin induction was measured using the latex agglutination test.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> GSC demonstrated strong bactericidal effects against <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3330\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2947\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> strains from various isolates. GSC demonstrated weak or no bactericidal effects against intestinal commensal bacteria, including <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5525\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>. GSC did not induce <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3329\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> toxins.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> GSC significantly inhibited the growth of intestinal pathogens, including <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3330\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2947\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, without adversely affecting the intestinal flora, supporting the usage of GSC in traditional Chinese medicine. Taken together, GSC would be of immense value in the developing world, where diarrhoeal infectious diseases continue to pose a major health risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T14:20:00Z","timestamp":1614176400000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vitro growth-inhibitory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. formulation on intestinal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sae","family":"Okuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeaki","family":"Wajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Nakaminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Ikoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4710-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihisa","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","volume-title":"Chinese Materia Medica","author":"Jialin","year":"2007"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030353"},{"key":"R3","article-title":"Who cholera fact sheet,","year":"2017"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06315-11"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.06.023"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12786389891164"},{"key":"R7","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance fact sheet,","year":"2013"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001780"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00126-6"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00821"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1431-3"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2019.22.001"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/925631"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200916375"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.6.1033"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01397-06"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496830"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000208?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:27:51Z","timestamp":1702600071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000208","relation":{},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}