{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:28:47Z","timestamp":1778261327187,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>. Concurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PJP) has been described in various reports, with a recent study describing a 9.3\u200a% <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>jirovecii<\/jats:italic> detection rate in critically ill COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>. Patients with PCR-confirmed PJP following COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from March 2020\u2013June 2021 were identified through a laboratory database. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was performed by RT-PCR Cobas SARS-CoV-2 qualitative assay. <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic> PCR was performed using the RealStar <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> PCR kit. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data for PJP patients were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>. During the study period, 3707\u2009patients were admitted with COVID-19 at our hospital. <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic> PCR was requested for 90\u2009patients and was positive in 10 (11\u200a%). Five out of 10 patients were discharged from the hospital and later developed cough and dyspnoea. Five patients remained hospitalized with severe COVID-19 and developed PJP. Eight patients in our study received systemic steroids. The trends of lymphocyte counts of all patients showed a lymphocyte count of &lt;1000\u2009mm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> (&lt;1.0\u00d710<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009cells \u00b5l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in the week of PJP diagnosis. Four patients did not survive; one of these patients did not receive co-trimoxazole due to late diagnosis, one patient had concomitant nosocomial pneumonia and bacteraemia with multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2765\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> species, and two patients had concomitant aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>. In summary, invasive fungal infections such as PJP should be considered as a complication in COVID-19 patients, with prompt evaluation and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T17:18:14Z","timestamp":1672939094000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Post-COVID-19 Pneumocystis pneumonia cases from Pakistan: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammad","family":"Niamatullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Facilitation Office, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1610-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nosheen","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2497-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kauser","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salima","family":"Rattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joveria","family":"Farooqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najia","family":"Ghanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5796-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1298"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.131668"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1111-4"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2019.39.2.176"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002571"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.10.034"},{"key":"R10","article-title":"Introductions for use: realstar Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR kit 1.0, 09\/2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"Altona Diagnostics"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.021"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-006-0484-5"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7329"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19927"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.729193"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.07.010"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e314","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30111-9","article-title":"COVID-19 in HIV investigators. COVID-19 in patients with HIV: clinical case series","volume":"7","author":"Blanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01138-21"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000406?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1672939096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]}}}