{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:16:43Z","timestamp":1760044603633,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:bold>. Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus \n \n Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, is present in the Koprivnica-Kri\u017eevci County area, Croatia. Clinical manifestation can range from asymptomatic, short-term mild, non-specific febrile disease, to severe forms with high mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold> The aim of the study was to valuate culture in front of microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for diagnosis of infection, and to evaluate clinical and laboratory features of the disease. Moreover, we want to characterize \n \n Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> strains involved in infection in Koprivnica-Kri\u017eevci County, Croatia.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:bold> We included 68\u2009patients with clinical presentation consistent with leptospirosis collected in a 5-year period (2000\u20132004). Clinical samples (blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) were inoculated in Kolthoff\u2019s medium; species of isolated \n \n Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> strains was determined with Tm of real-time PCR, serogroup\/serovar with MAT and NotI-RFLP analysis. Demonstration of specific antibodies in patients\u2019 sera was done using microscopic agglutination test.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n \n \n Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> was isolated from the blood of 14\/51(27.5\u200a%) patients and the most often identified serogroup\/serovar was Icterohaemorrhagiae (8\/10, 80%) followed by Grippotyphosa (10%). Regarding to species level, 8\/10 isolated belonged to L. interrogans sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> and one to \n \n L. kirschneri<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> species. MAT was carried out on 51\u2009patients with suspected leptospirosis, and was positive in 11\/51(21.5\u200a%) patients. Most of our patients presented with moderate severe symptoms, were hospitalized from August to October, and were infected mainly during the work or recreation in our county. The frequency of particular clinical features and pathological laboratory findings correlated with the severity of the clinical condition.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> Leptospirosis can be confirmed microbiologically, culture and MAT contributed almost equally to the diagnosis of infection. Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae was found as the dominant one, and L. interrogans sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> as dominant species in our county. Epidemiological data shown that leptospirosis occurs seasonally, affects the rural population, and most commonly is presented with moderate severe clinical course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T15:17:43Z","timestamp":1682522263000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leptospirosis and characterization of Leptospira isolates from patients in Koprivnica-Kri\u017eevci County, Croatia from 2000\u20132004"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"Mi\u0161i\u0107-Majerus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital \"Dr. Tomislav Bardek\", \u017deljka Selingera 1, Koprivnica, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tja\u0161a Cerar","family":"Ki\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Ru\u017ei\u0107-Sablji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"21","article-title":"Update: outbreak of acute febrile illness among athletes participating in Eco-Challenge-Sabah 2000--Borneo, Malaysia, 2000","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2009.12.002"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-011-0100-2"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071064"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324084"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.090139"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.080270"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.110"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03474.x"},{"volume-title":"Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control","year":"2003","key":"R12"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008264.pub2"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"19","article-title":"Podru\u010dju op\u0107ine koprivnica (1970-1975","volume":"4","author":"Mi\u0161i\u0107 Majerus LK","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Medicorum"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-002-0194-y"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12967"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic Biologique Leptospirose - 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