{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:19:22Z","timestamp":1778635162158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMw","award":["50-51700-98-120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50-51700-98-120"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["643476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["643476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019573","name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Flexibele OiO grant (internal)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Flexibele OiO grant (internal)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (ESBL-Ec) are frequently acquired during international travel, contributing to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Human-adapted ESBL-Ec are predicted to exhibit increased intestinal carriage duration, resulting in a higher likelihood of onward human-to-human transmission. Yet, bacterial determinants of increased carriage duration are unknown. Previous studies analysed small traveller cohorts, with short follow-up times, or did not employ high-resolution molecular typing, and were thus unable to identify bacterial traits associated with long-term carriage after recent acquisition. We aimed to identify which ESBL-Ec lineages are associated with increased carriage duration after return from international travel.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n In a prospective cohort study of 2001 international travellers, we analysed 160 faecal ESBL-Ec isolates from all 38 travellers who acquired ESBL-Ec during travel and subsequently carried ESBL-Ec for at least 12\u2009months after return, by whole-genome sequencing. For 17 travellers, we confirmed the long-term carriage of ESBL-Ec strains through single nucleotide variant typing. To identify determinants of increased carriage duration, we compared the 17 long-term carriers (\u226512\u2009months of carriage) with 33 age-, sex- and destination-matched short-term carriers (<1\u2009month of carriage). Long-read sequencing was employed to investigate long-term ESBL plasmid carriage.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n We show that in healthy travellers with very low antibiotic usage, extra-intestinal pathogenic lineages of\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (ExPEC) are significantly more likely to persist than other\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n lineages. The long-term carriage of\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n from ExPEC lineages is mainly driven by sequence type 131 and phylogroup D\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n Although ExPEC lineages frequently cause extra-intestinal infections such as bloodstream infections, our results indicate that ExPEC lineages are also efficient intestinal colonizers, which potentially contributes to their onward transmission.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000541.v4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T09:17:29Z","timestamp":1707729449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extra-intestinal pathogenic lineages of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are associated with prolonged ESBL gene 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