{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1794369107884,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies investigating environmental hotspots of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Nigeria are limited. This study was designed to assess various environmental sources and commonly touched surfaces as potential carriers of ARB and ARGs with implications for public health. A total of 392\u2009samples, including sewage (36), sludge (36), diapers (20), plastics (20), water sachet polythene bags (20), food wastes (20), soil beneath dump sites (20), and frequently touched surfaces such as restroom floors (80), corridors (24), door handles (56), and room floors and walls (60), were collected and screened for the presence of resistant bacteria carrying genes such as\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>CMY-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>IMP<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA66<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, we employed standard techniques to detect methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . We also evaluated the effectiveness of routine disinfection procedures in eliminating ARB from restroom floors. Our findings revealed that sewage, sludge, diapers, food wastes and restroom floors are frequently contaminated with highly and moderately resistant strains of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and MRSA. Notably, we identified two variants of the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA51-like<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    gene (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA-66<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA-180<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from these environmental sources. Furthermore, we detected seven ESBL-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.10789\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , five ESBL-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , two ESBL-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and one ESBL-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , all carrying one or more ARGs (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>NDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>CMY-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ), in isolates recovered from sewage, sludge, restroom floors and plastics. It is of note that ARB persisted on restroom floors even after disinfection procedures. In conclusion, this study highlights that environmental wastes indiscriminately discarded in residential areas and shared surfaces among individuals are heavily colonized by ARB carrying ARGs of significant public health importance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000641.v4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T09:18:27Z","timestamp":1702631907000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria in shared fomites, waste water and municipal solid wastes disposed near residential areas of a Nigerian city"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, P.M.B. 3011, 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