{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:10:57Z","timestamp":1774663857581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030815","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiseptics have been used for infection control against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ethanol (EtOH) was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, while chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was less effective. Therefore, virucidal activity may differ between different classes of antiseptic agents. In this study, the efficacy of antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated, and effective agents for infection control were identified. The following antiseptics were used in this study: 1.5% olanexidine gluconate (OLG); 80% EtOH; 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO); 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BKC); 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I); 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% CHG; and 0.5% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (AEG). The virucidal activity was evaluated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3\u2009min according to EN14476. After 0.5\u2009min of exposure, 1.5% OLG, 80% EtOH, 1% NaClO, 0.2% BKC and 1% PVP-I inactivated SARS-CoV-2 below the detection limit. The virus survived in the presence of 0.5% CHG, 1% CHG or 0.5% AEG for 3\u2009min. The virucidal activity of 1.5% CHG was insufficient after 0.5\u2009min of exposure. The results showed that virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 differs depending on the class of antiseptic agents used under clean conditions. Despite belonging to the same class of biguanide antiseptics, OLG was more effective against SARS-CoV-2 than CHG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T09:17:18Z","timestamp":1736414238000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Virucidal activity of olanexidine gluconate against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rika","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Nakaminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200490"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.07.014"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020114"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05048-14"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.03.014"},{"key":"R6","article-title":"EN14476:2013+A2:2019 - Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics: quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of virucidal activity in the medical area - test method and requirements (Phase 2, Step 1)","year":"2019"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820002319"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30003-3"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05296"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v4?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:17:38Z","timestamp":1736763458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v3","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000812.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}