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In this report, we aim to describe the case of a fulminant and ultimately fatal <jats:italic>C. septicum<\/jats:italic> myonecrosis occurring in a patient who was first admitted for refractory cardiac arrest and placed on veino-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Building upon prior studies that have documented cases of spontaneous gas gangrene caused by <jats:italic>C. septicum<\/jats:italic>, we provide an updated compilation, focusing on microbiological characteristics of <jats:italic>C. septicum<\/jats:italic>, along with the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with spontaneous gas gangrene. Additionally, the specific clinical situation of our case illustrates the seriousness of this infectious complication that combined both spontaneous and traumatic gas gangrene risk factors. We thus, discuss the antibiotic coverage prior to the initiation of ECMO procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000825.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T15:17:19Z","timestamp":1722871039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fatal Clostridium septicum gas gangrene complicating ECMO: case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Turban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Joussellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Piau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Cattoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR_S 1230 BRM, Inserm\/University of Rennes, 2 Avenue du Pr. 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