{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:12:54Z","timestamp":1783944774605,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI116917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI116917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI116917-07A1S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI116917-07A1S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007760","name":"College of Medicine Office of Research, Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Infectious Diseases Institute Transformative Trainee award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Infectious Diseases Institute Transformative Trainee award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Typhi primarily persists in chronic carriers by forming biofilms on gallstones in the gallbladder. We have developed a gallstone mouse model to study chronic carriage. To better understand the infection timeline and differentiate between mice that have maintained long-term gallbladder carriage from those that have cleared infection, we utilized bioluminescent\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    imaging to detect and track the organ-specific presence of bacteria in living mice. The mice infected with our bioluminescent\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium showed luminescence in the abdomen as early as 3\u2009days in comparison to the mice infected with non-luminescent WT\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium. With our methods, we achieve image resolution such that we can confidently identify the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium in the gallbladder at &gt;60\u2009days post-infection. Using these methods, we have determined that the minimum number of bacteria necessary to detect luminescence in the mice is 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    c.f.u. and that one out of six initially infected mice will remain persistently infected for greater than 60\u2009days, with gallbladder bacterial loads reaching upwards of 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    per milligram of tissue. Given that our limit of detection of luminescence is 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    c.f.u., our sensitivity is robust enough to identify the bacterial loads present in the average chronically infected mouse. The quantification of individual organs\u2019 bacterial c.f.u. and comparison of luminescence between WT and luminescent\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium validate that our technique is specific and sensitive enough to detect organ-specific infection in our model of typhoidal chronic carriage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000913.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T07:17:46Z","timestamp":1732864666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Methods for detecting and monitoring Salmonella infection and chronic carriage in living mice using bioluminescent in vivo imaging"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliyah N.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baileigh","family":"Laipply","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2848-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","author":"Bennett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiology Society Figshare"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040593.x"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b311901g"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20887"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651135"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029774"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2004.00906.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.000836"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092712"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000862107"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2640-2649.2002"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1999.14.3.286"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.06.007"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.1.1-12.2003"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009192"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114203"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1371897"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1971-1_19"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1819-1827.2006"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.64.5.679-699.1952"},{"key":"R21","author":"Wick","year":"2024","journal-title":"GitHub"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00532-16"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02262-19"},{"key":"R28","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium - 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