{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:36:02Z","timestamp":1772156162035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is a fungal disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, prevalent in parts of the southwestern United States. It usually results from inhaling spores from soil and is a common cause of pneumonia in these regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Case Presentation.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We present a unique case of coccidioidomycosis in an immunodeficient male patient secondary to human immunodeficiency virus infection with poor adherence to anti-retroviral treatment. After presenting with non-specific symptoms and pre-syncope, he was initially diagnosed with pneumonia based on chest X-ray findings, but his symptoms failed to improve with antibiotics. He was treated for presumed pulmonary histoplasmosis following a positive histoplasma urine antigen test. However, the patient worsened clinically. Following a computed tomography scan demonstrating a large necrotic lung consolidation, fungal stain and culture of tissue biopsied through endobronchial ultrasound confirmed coccidioidomycosis. The patient received 2\u2009weeks of liposomal amphotericin with clinical improvement before discharge with itraconazole.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The histoplasma antigen test can be falsely positive due to cross-reaction with other fungal infections like blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis or talaromycosis, and less frequently, coccidioidomycosis or aspergillosis. Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis requires a high index of suspicion outside the expected geographic distribution in the appropriate clinical setting. Our case highlights the risk of false-positive antigen test results and the importance of invasive diagnostics, including bronchoscopy to obtain fungal cultures, if the diagnosis remains uncertain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:16:32Z","timestamp":1748423792000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A cautionary tale of false-positive histoplasma urine antigen in an HIV patient: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Z.","family":"Khrais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanmay","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrukh","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00174-1"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2137987"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.081007"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00431-2"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy095"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S185631"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.028910"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000457"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12882"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00053-10"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511684"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa188"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1753506"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01581-22"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.03.001"},{"key":"R16","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis maps - Surveillance data","year":"2024"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111537"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171595"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v3?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:16:32Z","timestamp":1748423792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000929.v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}