{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:36:05Z","timestamp":1772156165160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health System Enhancement Project"},{"name":"University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Influenza C virus (ICV) is a lesser known member of the\n                    <jats:italic>Orthomyxoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family, primarily causing respiratory tract infections in children. Co-infection with WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), a recently identified human polyomavirus, has been rarely reported. This study presents the first laboratory-confirmed case of ICV infection in Sri Lanka and its co-infection with WUPyV.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children aged 3\u2009months to 14\u2009years with respiratory tract symptoms between November 2022 and February 2023. Samples were screened using multiplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR. A nasopharyngeal swab from a 14-month-old infant showing an insignificant curve in respiratory PCR was subjected to whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina platform. Data were analysed for genomic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the haemagglutinin-esterase gene of ICV.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Full-genome sequencing identified ICV and WUPyV in the sample. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ICV isolate belonged to the C\/Sao Paulo lineage. The patient presented with mild symptoms, including fever, cough and cold, with normal inflammatory markers, and recovered with supportive care.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Discussion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    This case highlights the importance of considering ICV in paediatric respiratory illnesses, despite its under-diagnosis due to limited diagnostic tools. Unlike influenza A and B, ICV lacks neuraminidase, rendering neuraminidase inhibitors ineffective. The absence of ICV in current influenza vaccines further complicates preventive strategies. Co-detection of WUPyV raises questions about its role as a co-pathogen, with its clinical significance requiring further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    This report underscores the need for enhanced molecular diagnostic techniques and surveillance to better understand the epidemiology and clinical impact of ICV and its co-infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T15:17:36Z","timestamp":1761751056000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complete genome analysis of human influenza C virus co-infection with WU polyomavirus in a Sri Lankan child: A brief report"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7354-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. T.","family":"Pattiyakumbura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology & Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka 10280, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bowatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology & Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka 10280, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology & Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka 10280, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Rathnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology & Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka 10280, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. D. W. S.","family":"Kudagammana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A. R. V.","family":"Muthugala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. K. G. S.","family":"Sumathipala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology & Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka 10280, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Mandell","year":"2000"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330210043021"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.051170"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28201"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001771"},{"key":"R6","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R7","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R8","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R9","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R10","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R11","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R12","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R13","author":"Sumathipala","year":"2024","journal-title":"GenBank"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.02.012"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21218"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.1.51"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00969-16"},{"key":"R18","volume-title":"Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology","author":"Levinson","year":"2006"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01314969"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.6.1147-1150.1990"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.06.009"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12091"}],"container-title":["Access Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v3?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T15:17:37Z","timestamp":1761751057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/acmi\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000968.v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2516-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}