{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:37:30Z","timestamp":1792795050833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research funding from the M.E. and Audrey Ensminger Endowment at Iowa State University is gratefully acknowledged.","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rswrd78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"A contribution to USDA Multistate Research Project W-5171 \u201cGerm Cell and Embryo Development for the Manipulation of Livestock\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Little is known regarding the vaginal microbiota of sheep that undergo spontaneous abortions. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, the vaginal microbiota throughout the gestation of two ewes (Ewe1 and Ewe2) that spontaneously aborted. To achieve this, weekly vaginal swabs were collected from the ewes prior to breeding until pregnancy testing; thereafter, biweekly swabs were collected until the spontaneous abortion occurred. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data, Ewe1\u2019s vaginal microbiota, overall, contained high abundances of\n                    <jats:italic>Histophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12.9% relative abundance),\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (10.8% relative abundance) and Unclassified\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8.7% relative abundance). Most notable was the high abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    following the abortion in Ewe1\u2019s vaginal microbiota. Ewe2\u2019s vaginal microbiota was characterized by high abundances of\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (41.7% relative abundance) throughout gestation. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing produced two high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Histophilus somni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    MAG had 99.95% average nucleotide identity to the most abundant sheep abortive\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    clone in the USA. The\n                    <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n                    MAG was most similar to a pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>H. somni<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain and contained genes that contribute to serum resistance and sialic acid utilization. The results presented here demonstrate the need for continued research into the vaginal microbiota, specifically to identify potential predictors of spontaneous abortion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.001005.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T15:15:57Z","timestamp":1753456557000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of the sheep (Ovis aries) vaginal microbiota preceding spontaneous abortion: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0132-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucille C.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Schmitz-Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Curtis R.","family":"Youngs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 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