{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:49:24Z","timestamp":1787010564985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Protection Agency","award":["2021-HE-1033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-HE-1033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Consequences of Shiga toxin-producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (STEC) infection can range in severity from asymptomatic infection to haemolytic uraemic syndrome, renal failure and death. Groundwater-derived drinking water is an important route for STEC transmission. Detection of STEC in water is crucial for timely response and public health interventions; however, currently used culture-based methods are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, there is a need for rapid methods that maintain high sensitivity and specificity []. We describe a novel, sensitive, enrichment-free water filtration method using a convenient sample volume (100\u2009ml) to detect DNA markers of STEC serogroups and virulence factors within 6 h. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect and quantify the most common STEC infection-associated serogroups globally, O157 and O26. Real-time PCR was used to detect genetic determinants of STEC virulence (\n                    <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes) and specific marker genes for the clinically relevant serogroups O111, O103, O145 and O104. Results showed that the novel method can detect as low as 5\u2009c.f.u.\u2009ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of STEC in water. The limit of detection for O157 and O26 qPCR assays was two and six copies, respectively. Groundwater and surface water samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =28) were collected and processed using the novel method. STEC O157 and O26 serogroups were detected in 23 out of 28 (82.1%) samples (mean 5.2\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/reaction) and 19 out of 28 (67.9%) samples (mean 7.83\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/reaction), respectively. Shiga toxin genes\n                    <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in 15 out of 28 (53.6%) and 9 out of 28 (32.1%) samples, respectively. The virulence factor intimin gene\n                    <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 24 out of 28 (85.7%) samples. STEC serogroups O111, O103, O145 and O104 were detected in 15 out of 28 (53.6%), 10 out of 28 (35.7%), 11 out of 28 (39.3%) and 15 out of 28 (53.6%) samples, respectively. This novel method reproducibly detects low copies of STEC in low-volume fresh water and has the potential to be used for the detection and quantification of waterborne bacterial pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.001009.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1753456562000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A novel enrichment-free, low-volume filtration and rapid lysis (ELR) method in combination with real-time PCR for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in water"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zina","family":"Alfahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, College of Science & Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dearbh\u00e1ile","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, College of Science & Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"O'Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Hynds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Cormican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam P.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.07.010"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12113"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0024-2013"},{"key":"R4","article-title":"STEC infection annual epidemiological report for 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