{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:04:03Z","timestamp":1784693043621,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Extended-spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria pose a global challenge because of resistance developing against a wide range of antimicrobial agents, complicating available treatment options. Thus, identifying the prevalent bacterial species producing ESBL enzymes and understanding how they are susceptible to antibiotics is necessary to inform effective treatment guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We sought to characterize ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from pregnant women\u2019s urine at Itojo Hospital, Ntungamo district, Southwestern Uganda.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We conducted a cross-sectional study where we collected and analysed 340 urine samples from 340 pregnant women. We did antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were screened for ESBL production and confirmed using the combination disc test. Genotypic characterization was confirmed using multiplex PCR to detect\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    TEM,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX-M and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    SHV genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 29.7% (101\/340).\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    36\/101 (35.6%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species 33\/101 (32.7%) were predominant ESBL producers. Genotypic analysis revealed\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    TEM 50\/101 (49.5%) and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX-M 31\/101 (30.7%) as the most prevalent genes, while\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    SHV was less common, 8\/101 (7.9%)\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics highlighted the need for targeted antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial stewardship and regular molecular surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.001045.v5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:15:57Z","timestamp":1773245757000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria isolated from pregnant women\u2019s urine at Itojo Hospital, South Western Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5557-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzafaru","family":"Twinomujuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1211-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benson","family":"Musinguzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O Box 7072, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P.O. Box, 725 Arua City, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moses","family":"Asiimwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Samuel","family":"Mpiima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Zamarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0616-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Orikushaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1662-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deus","family":"Muhanguzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crinad","family":"Twinamatsiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarapia Paul","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamiru","family":"Samiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City P.O. 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