{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1790114565272,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a major cause of healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections, increasingly complicated by multidrug resistance (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CRKp). Phage-based approaches are attractive in such settings but rely on infrastructure and expertise, which are not widely available in low-resource laboratories. Here, we describe the isolation and preliminary characterization of two lytic\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    phages, Zm_01 and Zm_02, from hospital sewer sludge in Lusaka, Zambia, using only routine microbiology equipment and simple adaptations of standard protocols. Clinical\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, including MDR and carbapenem-resistant (meropenem-resistant) strains, were used for enrichment, double-agar overlay plaque assays, host-range screening and determination of efficiency of plating (EOP). Zm_01, isolated on a non-MDR but hypermucoviscous host, produced small, clear plaques and exhibited efficient plating on several MDR isolates, with EOP values higher on some MDR strains than on its original host. Zm_02, isolated on an MDR strain, formed large, clear plaques with halos, consistent with capsule-degrading activity. All work was performed without access to specialized equipment, such as a spectrophotometer, a shaker incubator or standard imaging equipment. These findings demonstrate that discovery and basic phenotypic characterization of therapeutically relevant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    phages are feasible in low-resource settings and provide a practical workflow that can underpin future functional and genomic studies, as well as the development of locally tailored phage-based interventions against MDR and CRKp infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.001146.v3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:16:07Z","timestamp":1790111767000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lytic bacteriophages targeting carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in a resource-limited Zambian laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7251-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank 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