{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:23:05Z","timestamp":1791638585544,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Thirteen bacterial isolates from lake sediment, capable of degrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin, were characterized by phenotypic, genetic and genomic approaches. Cells of these isolates were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and rod-shaped. According to phenotypic characteristics (carbon utilization, fatty acid and enzyme activity profiles), the G+C content of the genomic DNA (66\u00b71\u201368\u00b70\u2005mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (98\u00b79\u2013100\u200a% similarity) the strains formed a single microdiverse genospecies that was most closely related to\n                    <jats:italic>Roseateles depolymerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (95\u00b77\u201396\u00b73\u200a% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates assimilated only a few carbon sources. Of the 96 carbon sources tested, Tween 40 was the only one used by all strains. The strains were able to mineralize phosphorus from organic compounds, and they had strong leucine arylamidase and chymotrypsin activities. The cellular fatty acids identified from all strains were C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    (9\u00b78\u201319\u200a%) and C\n                    <jats:sub>17\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    7\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    (&lt;1\u20135\u00b78\u200a%). The other predominant fatty acids comprised three groups: summed feature 3 (&lt;1\u20132\u00b72\u200a%), which included C\n                    <jats:sub>14\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    3-OH and C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    iso I, summed feature 4 (54\u201362\u200a%), which included C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    7\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sub>15\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    iso OH, and summed feature 7 (8\u00b75\u201328\u200a%), which included\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    7\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    9\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    12\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    forms of C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . A more detailed analysis of two strains indicated that C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    7\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the main fatty acid. The phylogenetic and phenotypic features separating our strains from recognized bacteria support the creation of a novel genus and species, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Paucibacter toxinivorans<\/jats:italic>\n                    gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=DSM 16998\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =HAMBI 2767\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =VYH 193597\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63599-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,12]],"date-time":"2005-07-12T15:02:05Z","timestamp":1121180525000},"page":"1563-1568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades cyclic cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jarkko","family":"Rapala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri A.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Maarit","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachgebiet \u00d6kologie der Mikroorganismen, Institut f\u00fcr Technischen Umweltschutz, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sini","family":"Suomalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Paulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsti","family":"Lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped blast and psi-blast: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-4-1563","article-title":"Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence","volume":"50","author":"Anzai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R3","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","year":"1985"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-002-0309-0","article-title":"Molecular identification of Bacteria and Eukarya inhabiting an Antarctic cryoconite hole","volume":"7","author":"Christner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5585-5592.2003","article-title":"A gene cluster for chlorate metabolism in Ideonella dechloratans","volume":"69","author":"Danielsson Thorell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5285","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.11.5285-5293.2001","article-title":"Endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species","volume":"67","author":"Elbeltagy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00103-3","article-title":"Toxin production in cyanobacterial mats from ponds on the McMurdo ice shelf, Antarctica","volume":"38","author":"Hitzfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00413-5","article-title":"Degradation of microcystin in sediments at oxic and anoxic, denitrifying conditions","volume":"37","author":"Holst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.03.014","article-title":"Characterization of degradation process of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins by a gram-negative aerobic bacterium","volume":"38","author":"Ishii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/nt.2620020412","article-title":"Degradation of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin by aquatic bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat Toxins"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.11.4164-4170.1997","article-title":"Isolation of new bacterial species from drinking water biofilms and proof of their in situ dominance with highly specific 16S rRNA probes","volume":"63","author":"Kalmbach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.4.1548-1555.2002","article-title":"Analysis of bacteria contaminating ultrapure water in industrial systems","volume":"68","author":"Kulakov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R13","first-page":"363","article-title":"Biodegradation of cyanobacterial toxins \u2013 characterization of toxin degrading bacteria","volume-title":"In Harmful Algae. 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