{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:38:45Z","timestamp":1791315525154,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The taxonomic identity of the hereditary prokaryotic symbiont of the olive fly<jats:italic>Bactrocera oleae<\/jats:italic>(Diptera: Tephritidae) was investigated. In order to avoid superficial microbial contaminants and loosely associated saprophytic biota, flies were surface-sterilized at the larval stage and reared under aseptic conditions until adult emergence.<jats:italic>B. oleae<\/jats:italic>flies originating from different geographical locations and collected at different times of the year were tested. Bacterial isolation was undertaken from the cephalic oesophageal bulb, which is known to be a specific site of accumulation for the hosted microsymbionts in the adult insect. Despite evidence of multiplication cycles taking place within the insect, attempts at cultivation of the isolated bacteria<jats:italic>ex situ<\/jats:italic>were not productive at any stage, leading to the choice of unculturable status definition. PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the entire 16S rRNA gene consistently yielded a single sequence that displayed marked similarity with enterobacterial lineages, with closest matches (97\u200a%) to<jats:italic>Erwinia persicina<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Erwinia rhapontici<\/jats:italic>. The novel taxon differs from common intestinal bacterial species of fruit flies and from instances of culturable bacteria previously described in<jats:italic>B. oleae<\/jats:italic>raised without sterility precautions, which we also observed as minority occupants or occasional contaminants. The symbiont's identity is also distinct from<jats:italic>Pseudomonas savastanoi<\/jats:italic>. In all observations, the numerically dominant inhabitant of the olive fly oesophageal organ was the same unculturable organism, whose presence at later stages was also regularly observed in the midgut. A novel species is proposed, by virtue of its unique properties, under the designation \u2018<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>Erwinia dacicola\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63653-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,12]],"date-time":"2005-07-12T19:02:05Z","timestamp":1121194925000},"page":"1641-1647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["\u2018Candidatus Erwinia dacicola\u2019, a coevolved symbiotic bacterium of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Capuzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Firrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia applicata alla Difesa delle Piante, Universit\u00e0 di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Squartini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1000239108771","article-title":"Non-cultivable microorganisms from symbiotic associations of insects and other hosts","volume":"72","author":"Baumann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.000415","article-title":"Genetics, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the genus Buchnera : intracellular symbionts of aphids","volume":"49","author":"Baumann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"55","article-title":"La mosca delle olive e la simbiosi batterica","volume":"9","author":"Belcari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Fitopatol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.002321","article-title":"Role of microorganisms in the digestion of lignocellulose by termites","volume":"39","author":"Breznak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"R5","volume-title":"Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms","author":"Buchner","year":"1965"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg039","article-title":"The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II): previewing a new autoaligner that allows regular updates and the new prokaryotic taxonomy","volume":"31","author":"Cole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R7","article-title":"Distribution Maps of Pests , Series A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Map no. 74 (1st revision), Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.2001.5009","article-title":"The association of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis , with a near Erwinia species gut bacteria: transient or permanent?","volume":"77","author":"de Vries","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.43.1.17","article-title":"Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera","volume":"43","author":"Douglas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"269","article-title":"Reperti morfo-istologici sulle batteriosimbiosi del Dacus oleae Gmelin e di altri ditteri tripetidi, in natura e negli allevamenti su substrati artificiali","volume":"54","author":"Girolami","year":"1973","journal-title":"Redia"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/21686351.1972.12278037","article-title":"Aspetti della simbiosi batterica di Dacus oleae (Gmelin) in natura e negli allevamenti di laboratorio","volume":"8","author":"Girolami","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Soc Entomol Fr"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/209423a0","article-title":"Dependence of the olive fly, Dacus oleae , larvae on symbiosis with Pseudomonas savastanoi for the utilization of olive","volume":"209","author":"Hagen","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"323","article-title":"Exploring nutritional roles of extracellular symbiotes on the reproduction of honeydew feeding adult chrysopids and tephritids","volume-title":"In Insect and Mite Nutrition: Significance and Implications in Ecology and Pest Management","author":"Hagen","year":"1972"},{"key":"R15","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00407171","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur Bakteriensymbiose der Trypetiden (Diptera)","volume":"44","author":"Hellmuth","year":"1956","journal-title":"Z Morphol Oekol Tiere"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7","article-title":"Evolution of protein molecules","volume-title":"In Mammalian Protein Metabolism","author":"Jukes","year":"1969"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9860361","article-title":"Bacteria associated with some Dacus species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their host fruit in Queensland","volume":"39","author":"Lloyd","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R19","first-page":"149","article-title":"Dacus oleae microbial symbionts","volume":"5","author":"Manousis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol Sci"},{"key":"R20","first-page":"277","article-title":"Identificazione submicroscopica del meccanismo di trasmissione del batterio simbionte in Dacus oleae (Diptera, Trypetidae","volume":"64","author":"Mazzini","year":"1981","journal-title":"Redia"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00088-6","article-title":"Bacterial endosymbionts in animals","volume":"3","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-1-186","article-title":"Taxonomic note: implementation of the provisional status Candidatus for incompletely described procaryotes","volume":"45","author":"Murray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577867.001.0001","volume-title":"Influential Passengers","author":"O'Neill","year":"1997"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-3-1187","article-title":"Sequence analysis of domains III and IV of the 23S rRNA gene of verticillate streptomycetes","volume":"50","author":"Palmano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R25","article-title":"Ricerche Sopra i Batteri Intestinali della Mosca Olearia . Roma: Memorie della Regia Stazione di Patologia Vegetale di Roma","author":"Petri","year":"1909"},{"key":"R26","first-page":"77","article-title":"Symbiotic bacteria of Ragoletis pomonella","volume-title":"In Fruit Flies of Economic Importance","author":"Rossiter","year":"1983"},{"key":"R27","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R28","volume-title":"The Biology of Symbiosis","author":"Smith","year":"1987"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/73.3.251","article-title":"Major nutritional requirements of adult Dacus oleae","volume":"73","author":"Tsiropoulos","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.1983.tb03680.x","article-title":"Microflora associated with wild and laboratory-reared adult olive fruit flies, Dacus oleae (Gmelin)","volume":"96","author":"Tsiropoulos","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z Angew Entomol"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/35086563","article-title":"Mealybug \u03b2 -proteobacterial endosymbionts contain \u03b3 -proteobacterial symbionts","volume":"412","author":"von Dohlen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.173.2.697-703.1991","article-title":"16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study","volume":"173","author":"Weisburg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0117","article-title":"Evolution and phylogeny of Wolbachia : reproductive parasites of arthropods","volume":"261","author":"Werren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijs.0.63653-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T20:54:25Z","timestamp":1706388865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijs.0.63653-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijs.0.63653-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-5026","1466-5034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-5026","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-5034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]}}}