{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:46:32Z","timestamp":1791942392250,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Small Gram-negative cocco-bacilli resembling <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains have been reported from marine mammals since the mid-1990s. Their placement in the genus <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> has been supported by the following characteristics: they are aerobic, non-motile and catalase-positive, do not produce acid from carbohydrates and have a DNA\u2013DNA relatedness value of &gt;77\u200a% with the six established members of the genus. Twenty-eight European isolates of the genus <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> from marine mammals were distinguished from the six recognized species by their pattern of utilization of eleven substrates in oxidative metabolism tests and phage lysis. The 28 strains could be further separated into two groups with cetaceans and seals as their respective preferred hosts on the basis of molecular methods and on differences in the metabolism of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-arabinose, <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-galactose and <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-xylose. The names <jats:italic>Brucella ceti<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. and <jats:italic>Brucella pinnipedialis<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. are proposed for the isolates from cetaceans and seals, respectively. The type strain of <jats:italic>Brucella ceti<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. is NCTC 12891<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup> (=BCCN 94-74<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>) and the type strain of <jats:italic>Brucella pinnipedialis<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. is NCTC 12890<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup> (=BCCN 94-73<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,31]],"date-time":"2007-10-31T19:23:49Z","timestamp":1193858629000},"page":"2688-2693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":365,"title":["Brucella ceti sp. nov. and Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. for Brucella strains with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SAC Veterinary Services, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn S.","family":"Osterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, MTC, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Godfroid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, 29 rue du Pont-Volant, 37082 Tours cedex 2, France"},{"name":"INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, IASP, Nouzilly, F-37380, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Cloeckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, IASP, Nouzilly, F-37380, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","volume-title":"Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis . WHO Monograph Series no 55","author":"Alton","year":"1975"},{"key":"R2","volume-title":"Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory","author":"Alton","year":"1988"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"483","article-title":"Human exposure to Brucella recovered from a sea mammal","volume":"144","author":"Brew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1258-1262.2000","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals","volume":"38","author":"Bricker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-12-3267","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a Brucella strain isolated from a minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata )","volume":"144","author":"Clavareau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.5.835-839.2000","article-title":"An IS 711 element downstream of the bp26 gene is a specific marker of Brucella spp. isolated from marine mammals","volume":"7","author":"Cloeckaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01427-7","article-title":"Classification of Brucella spp. isolated from marine mammals by DNA polymorphism at the omp2 locus","volume":"3","author":"Cloeckaert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00091-1","article-title":"Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals by infrequent restriction site-PCR and development of specific PCR identification tests","volume":"5","author":"Cloeckaert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R9","first-page":"450","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella","volume":"38","author":"Corbel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Report of the meeting"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-29298-5_90","article-title":"Genus Brucella","volume-title":"In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","author":"Corbel","year":"2005"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-25-1-83","article-title":"Proposal for minimal standards for descriptions of new species and biotypes of the genus Brucella","volume":"25","author":"Corbel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"377","article-title":"Genus Brucella","volume-title":"In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Corbel","year":"1984"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64347-0","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella : Minutes of the meeting, 5 and 7 July 1994, Prague, Czech Republic","volume":"56","author":"Corbel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600408","article-title":"Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus","volume":"6","author":"Ewalt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.3.595","article-title":"Brucellosis in ringed seals and harp seals from Canada","volume":"36","author":"Forbes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.24.583","article-title":"Isolation of Brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter","volume":"138","author":"Foster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00236-5","article-title":"A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland","volume":"90","author":"Foster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64042-0","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella : Correspondence Report (Interim Report), 1991\u20131993","volume":"56","author":"Gargani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900311","article-title":"Evidence of Brucella infection in Parafilaroides lungworms in a Pacific harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina richardsi )","volume":"9","author":"Garner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00675.x","article-title":"Oxidative metabolic profiles of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals: contribution to their species classification","volume":"270","author":"Jacques","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00118-1","article-title":"The characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals","volume":"57","author":"Jahans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R22","article-title":"International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision) Bacteriological Code","author":"Lapage","year":"1992"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64348-0","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella : Minutes of the meeting, 9 September 2000, Nimes, France","volume":"56","author":"MacMillan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1638\/02-053","article-title":"Evidence of Brucella sp. infection in marine mammals stranded along the coast of Southern New England","volume":"34","author":"Maratea","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00680-06","article-title":"Characterisation of a Brucella strain as a marine-mammal type despite isolation from a patient with spinal osteomyelitis in New Zealand","volume":"44","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.82.3.387-395.1961","article-title":"Metabolic characterization of the genus Brucella . I. Statistical evaluation of the oxidative rates by which type I of each species can be identified","volume":"82","author":"Meyer","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00210-9","article-title":"Brucella evolution and taxonomy","volume":"90","author":"Moreno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-40-2-213","article-title":"Report of the ad hoc committee on approaches to taxonomy within the Proteobacteria","volume":"40","author":"Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64349-0","article-title":"International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes; Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella : Minutes of the meeting, 17 September 2003, Pamplona, Spain","volume":"56","author":"Osterman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.14.359-b","article-title":"Brucella species infection in sea-mammals","volume":"134","author":"Ross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00153.x","article-title":"Genotyping of Ochrobactrum anthropi by recA -based comparative sequence, PCR-RFLP, and 16S rRNA gene analysis","volume":"257","author":"Scholz","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-30-1-225","article-title":"Approved lists of bacterial names","volume":"30","author":"Skerman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"R33","volume-title":"Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition)","author":"Skerman","year":"1989"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020576","article-title":"Human neurobrucellosis with intracerebral granuloma caused by a marine mammal Brucella spp","volume":"9","author":"Sohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R35","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology","volume":"52","author":"Stackebrandt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64780-0","article-title":"Valid publication of names of prokaryotes according to the rules of nomenclature: past history and current practice","volume":"56","author":"Tindall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R37","first-page":"46","article-title":"Oxidative metabolic profiles of \u201c Brucella\u201d species","volume":"19","author":"Verger","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Sclavo"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-35-3-292","article-title":"Brucella , a monospecific genus as shown by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization","volume":"35","author":"Verger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0769-2609(87)90199-2","article-title":"Taxonomy of the genus Brucella","volume":"138","author":"Verger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(00)01145-1","article-title":"Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping","volume":"151","author":"Verger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.04.009","article-title":"DNA polymorphism in the omp25\/omp31 family of Brucella spp.: identification of a 1.7-kb inversion in Brucella cetaceae and a 15.1-kb genomic island, absent from Brucella ovis , related to the synthesis of smooth lipopolysaccharide","volume":"6","author":"Vizca\u00edno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-37-4-463","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics","volume":"37","author":"Wayne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:24:05Z","timestamp":1600820645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-5026","1466-5034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-5026","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-5034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}}}