{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:51:11Z","timestamp":1792291871048,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The naming of prokaryotes is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and partially by the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN). Such codes must be able to determine names of taxa in a universal and unambiguous manner, thus serving as a common language across different fields and activities. This unity is undermined when a new code of nomenclature emerges that overlaps in scope with an established, time-tested code and uses the same format of names but assigns different nomenclatural status values to the names. The resulting nomenclatural confusion is not beneficial to the wider scientific community. Such ambiguity is expected to result from the establishment of the \u2018Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from DNA Sequence Data\u2019 (\u2018SeqCode\u2019), which is in general and specific conflict with the ICNP and the ICN. Shortcomings in the interpretation of the ICNP may have exacerbated the incompatibility between the codes. It is reiterated as to why proposals to accept sequences as nomenclatural types of species and subspecies with validly published names, now implemented in the SeqCode, have not been implemented by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), which oversees the ICNP. The absence of certain regulations from the ICNP for the naming of as yet uncultivated prokaryotes is an acceptable scientific argument, although it does not justify the establishment of a separate code. Moreover, the proposals rejected by the ICSP are unnecessary to adequately regulate the naming of uncultivated prokaryotes. To provide a better service to the wider scientific community, an alternative proposal to emend the ICNP is presented, which would result in <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic> names being regulated analogously to validly published names. This proposal is fully consistent with previous ICSP decisions, preserves the essential unity of nomenclature and avoids the expected nomenclatural confusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T12:18:03Z","timestamp":1704457083000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The best of both worlds: a proposal for further integration of Candidatus names into the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8926-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Arahal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magne","family":"Bisgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bisgaard Consulting, DK 4130 Viby Sjaelland, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigb\u00f8jlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Clermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CRBIP, CIP-Collection of Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenie","family":"Dijkshoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden \/ Torensteelaan 68, 3281 MA Numansdorp, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Duim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Emler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SmartGene Services SARL, EPFL Innovation Park, PSE-C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Figge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"G\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute DSMZ \u2013 German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward R. B.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-402 34 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandr","family":"Nemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, V \u00davalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czechia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"N\u00f8rskov-Lauritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"N\u00fcbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Technical University Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute DSMZ \u2013 German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L. W.","family":"On","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCM\/LMG, Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent (UGent) K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ventosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, C\/. Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.50608"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12705\/Code.2018"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005585"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003117"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-1-186"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005000"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab902"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005482"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000778","article-title":"International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes \u2013 Prokaryotic Code (2008 revision)","volume":"69","author":"Parker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004671"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"005186","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005545","article-title":"Candidatus list no.3. Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa","volume":"72","author":"Oren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2015.02.003"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000980"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003419"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2018.07.002"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.113"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2020.126070"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2019.03.007"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2018.08.009"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004303"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.188"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345060a0"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0733-x"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2022.100991"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2022.126305"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01214-9"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100932"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005754"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.115-121.1997"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.200"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003360","article-title":"Nitrosopumilus adriaticus sp. nov. and Nitrosopumilus piranensis sp. nov., two ammonia-oxidizing archaea from the Adriatic Sea and members of the class Nitrososphaeria","volume":"69","author":"Bayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-2-703"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63978-0","article-title":"Isolates of Candidatus Nostocoida limicola Blackall et al. 2000 should be described as three novel species of the genus Tetrasphaera, as Tetrasphaera jenkinsii sp. nov., Tetrasphaera vanveenii sp. nov. and Tetrasphaera veronensis sp. nov","volume":"56","author":"McKenzie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2017.0017"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0485-5"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-017-0871-1"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15082"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01198-22"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-8-2063"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-2-651"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016810118"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00430-14"},{"key":"R44","volume-title":"Index Bergeyana","author":"Buchanan","year":"1966"},{"key":"R45","volume-title":"International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1976 Revision). Bacteriological Code","author":"Lapage","year":"1975"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-30-1-225"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64137-0"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005782"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-37-3-284"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-2-289"},{"key":"R51","first-page":"749","article-title":"Gesellschaften. Bericht \u00fcber die Verhandlungen der botanischen Sektion der 33. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte, gehalten in Bonn vom 18. bis 24. September 1857, von Dr. Rob. Caspary","volume":"15","author":"Caspari","year":"1857","journal-title":"Botanische Zeitung"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.057158-0"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000061"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000355"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005708"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004268"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004939"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01002-x"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01167-z"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005650","article-title":"Proposal to include the categories kingdom and domain in the International code of nomenclature of Prokaryotes","volume":"73","author":"G\u00f6ker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00684-2"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0783-1"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00706-z"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01444-19"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00970-22"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01479-22"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-3-1313"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2018.09.01.10"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1006"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0027"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bdq.2015.02.001"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004124"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2020.126108"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2022.100213"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002516"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781789244984.0000"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00242"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-7-16"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.10.010"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2020.126155"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004851"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003791"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002673"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005576"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005688","article-title":"Proposal of Holzapfeliella gen. nov. and Litorivicinus gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names Holzapfelia Zheng et al. 2020 and Litoricola Kim et al. 2007, respectively","volume":"73","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2018.07.003"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa939"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz943"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1944-3277-9-20"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.006188?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T12:18:12Z","timestamp":1704457092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/ijsem\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.006188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.006188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-5026","1466-5034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-5026","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-5034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]}}}