{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:52:58Z","timestamp":1787165578077,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EXC 2124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INST 37\/1027-1 FUGG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 37\/1027-1 FUGG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003542","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ferrigenium straubiae\u2019 strain KS (KCTC 25982, DSM 118991) is a neutrophilic, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium representing up to 98% of the community in culture KS, the most extensively studied mixed culture known for autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation. The phylogeny and genome of this bacterium were previously analysed and identified as \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ferrigenium straubiae\u2019. In this study, we report the first-time successful isolation of \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ferrigenium straubiae\u2019 strain KS and its experimental physiological characterization. The bacterium was identified as a non-stalk-forming, rod-shaped and non-halophilic strain with a Gram-negative classification. We characterized its physiology when grown in agarose-stabilized Fe(II)-O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gradient tubes where Fe(II) stemming from FeS functions as the electron donor and O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as the electron acceptor. It showed growth at temperatures of 20\u201330\u2009\u00b0C (optimal at 25\u00b0C) and at pH levels of 6.0\u20137.5 (optimal at pH 6.5\u20137.0). The doubling time at 20\u2009\u00b0C and pH 6.5 was 16\u2009h. We further optimized the gradient tubes for sustainable culture maintenance using modified Wolfe\u2019s mineral medium (MWMM; 1\u2009g l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cl) supplemented with 7-vitamin solution, SL-10 trace elements, selenite-tungstate solution and selenite-molybdate-nickel-copper-arsenic-vanadium solution (final concentrations of 10\u2009\u00b5M Se, 10\u2009\u00b5M Mo, 0.1\u2009\u00b5M Ni, 0.1\u2009\u00b5M Cu, 0.1\u2009\u00b5M As and 5\u2009nM V). We also evaluated several Fe(II) sources (with O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as electron acceptor), as well as both inorganic and organic substrates for their influence on growth. Although a known member of the denitrifying community in culture KS, the isolated strain \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ferrigenium straubiae\u2019 KS exhibited exclusively microaerobic and autotrophic growth in agarose-stabilized Fe(II)-O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gradients, utilizing Fe(II) from FeS as the electron donor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T17:16:28Z","timestamp":1763399788000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolation of \u2018Candidatus Ferrigenium straubiae\u2019 \u2013 a microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium and nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizer within the community of culture KS"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6909-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94\u201396, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Kappler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94\u201396, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-30747-8_46"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.12.4784-4792.1997"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01265"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002882"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.4.1458-1460.1996"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2022.126306"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18361140520"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02486230"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03745485709495071"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00408555"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.74.3.344-349.1957"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00625126"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1958.tb20671.x"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517083"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiab145"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01262-24"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03493-15"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110589771-013"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00496-21"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621301114"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53553-z"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2008.00592.x"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2191-1_21"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12485"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-13187-9_16"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03527-15"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(05)97006-7"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60289a016"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451.2017.1303554"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02529967"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.20.6955"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0439-x"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3820"},{"key":"R35","author":"Andrews","year":"2025"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty149"},{"key":"R38","article-title":"PoreChop v0.2.4 - 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