{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:35:39Z","timestamp":1787060139935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Four bacterial strains \u2013 Marseille-Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Marseille-QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Marseille-Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Marseille-Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013 were isolated, the first three from vaginal samples and the last from a blood sample. MALDI-TOF MS analysis failed to assign these isolates to any known species within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Consequently, phenotypic and taxonogenomic characterizations were conducted. All four strains were Gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming coccobacilli. Strains Marseille-Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Marseille-Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Marseille-Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    were facultative anaerobes with microaerophilic capabilities, whereas Marseille-QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    was strictly anaerobic and microaerophilic. The dominant fatty acids (&gt;10%) identified in strains Marseille-Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Marseille-QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Marseille-Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    were C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    , C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03c99c and C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In strain Marseille-Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    was also among the most abundant fatty acids, along with the aforementioned three. Digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization (dDDH) values for strains Marseille-Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Marseille-QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Marseille-Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    1400E (genomic species 2),\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    6119V5 (genomic species 9) and\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    NR010 (genomic species 14) were 72.1%, 72.4% and 75.5%, respectively. The corresponding OrthoANI values were 96.99%, 97.16% and 97.66%, all above the species demarcation threshold. In contrast, strain Marseille-Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    exhibited both dDDH and OrthoANI values below the accepted thresholds (70% and 95\u201396%, respectively), suggesting that it represents a novel genomic lineage. Based on comprehensive phenotypic and genomic analyses, we propose that these strains represent four new species within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for which the following names are proposed:\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella lacydonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (type strain: Marseille-Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CSUR Q9181\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CECT 31121\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella bretellae<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (type strain: Marseille-QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CSUR QA0894\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CECT 31122\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella massiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (type strain: Marseille-Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CSUR Q2328\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CECT 30239\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella phocaeensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (type strain: Marseille-Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CSUR Q9179\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =CECT 31120\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:16:27Z","timestamp":1772637387000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Further dissection of Gardnerella vaginalis: description of Gardnerella lacydonensis sp. nov. (formerly genomic species 2), Gardnerella bretellae sp. nov. (formerly genomic species 9), Gardnerella massiliensis sp. nov. (formerly genomic species 14) and Gardnerella phocaeensis sp. nov."],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Priscille","family":"Allini Ntiguemassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, SSA, RITMES, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Beye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Orain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bellali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Alibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Andrieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Dubourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, 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