{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T06:46:41Z","timestamp":1770101201736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"\n The genus\n Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n encompasses phylogenetically diverse, obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria, yet taxonomic resolution for several members remains limited by the conservatism of the 16S rRNA gene. We reassessed four closely related species pairs:\n Clostridium baratii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Clostridium nitritogenes<\/jats:italic>\n ;\n Clostridium thermopalmarium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Clostridium colicanis<\/jats:italic>\n ;\n Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Clostridium combesii<\/jats:italic>\n ; and\n Clostridium estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Clostridium estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n laramiense<\/jats:italic>\n . A polyphasic framework was applied, integrating 16S rRNA and core-genome phylogenies, whole-genome relatedness metrics (digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity), phenotypic characterization and carbohydrate-active enzyme profiling. Concordant genomic and phenotypic evidence supported the synonymization of\n C. nitritogenes<\/jats:italic>\n (Pr\u00e9vot 1940) Bernard\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 2018 with\n C. baratii<\/jats:italic>\n (Pr\u00e9vot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970,\n C. colicanis<\/jats:italic>\n Greetham\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 2003 with\n C. thermopalmarium<\/jats:italic>\n Soh\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 1991 and\n C. estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n laramiense<\/jats:italic>\n (Kalchayanand\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 1993) Spring\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 2003 with\n C. estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n estertheticum<\/jats:italic>\n (Collins\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 1993) Spring\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 2003. By contrast, despite high genomic relatedness,\n C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 1923 and\n C. combesii<\/jats:italic>\n (Pr\u00e9vot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard\n et al<\/jats:italic>\n . 2018 displayed reproducible phenotypic and functional distinctions consistent with subspecies status. We, therefore, propose\n C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n combesii<\/jats:italic>\n comb. nov., alongside\n C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n comb. nov., thereby refining genome-based classification within the genus.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T18:16:57Z","timestamp":1770056217000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-based phylogenomic reassessment of Clostridium with proposals for species synonymization and new subspecies"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guendouz","family":"Dif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie des Syst\u00e8mes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Cheikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, BP 92, Algiers 16050, Algeria"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences 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