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Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    belonged to the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    and shared the highest sequence similarities to\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ezbiocloud.net\/taxonomy?tn=Streptomyces%20cinnamoneus\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptomyces cinnamoneus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    JCM 4633\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (98.75%),\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces hiroshimensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    JCM 4586\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (98.74%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces pseudoechinosporeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    NBRC 12518\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (98.68%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences indicated that strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    was most related to\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces laurentii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC 31255\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    . However, the average nucleotide identity by MUMmer (ANIm) and digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and the above four\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were 84.88\u201385.75%\u2009and 22.2\u201323.2%, respectively, well below 96.7% and 70% cut-off points recommended for delineating species. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    contained\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sc>ll<\/jats:sc>\n                      -\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars contained glucose. The predominant cellular fatty acids (&gt;10%) were\n                    <jats:italic>anteiso-<\/jats:italic>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>15\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>iso-<\/jats:italic>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>15\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>iso-<\/jats:italic>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    . All these data indicated that strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    represents a novel\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces dryopteridis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain BI20\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=MCCC 1K09588\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =JCM 38134\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). In addition, we propose that\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces cuspidosporus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Higashide\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 1966 (Approved Lists 1980) is a later heterotypic synonym of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces sparsogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    Owen\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 1963 (Approved Lists 1980) based on comparative genomic analysis. Meanwhile, based on the dDDH value,\n                    <jats:italic>S. sparsogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. cuspidosporus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are simultaneously designated as two different subspecies, i.e.\n                    <jats:italic>S. sparsogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>sparsogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. sparsogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>cuspidosporus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:16:05Z","timestamp":1775142965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Streptomyces dryopteridis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Dryopteris marginalis and proposal of Streptomyces cuspidosporus Higashide et al. 1966 (Approved Lists 1980) as a later heterotypic synonym of Streptomyces sparsogenes Owen et al. 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7559-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong-jian","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-zi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, PR 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