{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:56:35Z","timestamp":1790610995839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    was isolated from root nodules of\n                    <jats:italic>Alnus incana<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced from soil under\n                    <jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Finland.\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    trains AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    were isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Alnus glutinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    nodules from Germany. AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    are infective on\n                    <jats:italic>A. glutinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and fix nitrogen in symbiotic nodules and pure culture, and strain AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    is infective on\n                    <jats:italic>A. glutinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    but does not fix nitrogen and does not have the\n                    <jats:italic>nif<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Colonies of the four strains are white, and they form hyphae and sporangia. N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -fixing vesicles are formed by AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    in NH4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -free medium but not by AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    were in cluster 1 (Fig. S1), while strain AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    was in cluster 4. A whole-genome phylogeny confirmed this positioning. Digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the four strains and all validly named\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species were below the defined threshold for prokaryotic species demarcation, with dDDH and ANI values at or below 64 and 71%, respectively. Strains AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    have genome sizes of 7.00, 6.40 and 6.71\u2009Mb, respectively, while the genome size of AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    is 9.82\u2009Mb. Phenotypic, physiological and phylogenomic analyses confirmed the assignment of strain AiPa1\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=DSM 114742\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =LMG 32596\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) to a novel species, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia abietis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed. Strain AgKG\u201984\/4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=DSM 114736\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =LMG 32597\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is assigned to a novel species, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia limosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed. Strain AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=DSM 114735\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =LMG 32598\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is assigned to a novel species, with AgB32\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    as the type strain, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia palustris<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed. Strain AgB1.8\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=DSM 114738\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =LMG 33088\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is assigned to a novel species, for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia luti<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:17:13Z","timestamp":1790608633000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polyphasic taxonomic description of Frankia abietis sp. nov., Frankia limosa sp. nov., Frankia palustris sp. nov. and Frankia luti sp. nov. isolated from Alnus spp."],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Nouioui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Neumann-Schaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Pujic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRA, UMR 1418, Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRA, UMR 1418, Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Abrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecologie 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