{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:04:09Z","timestamp":1784045049684,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010035","name":"Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BK20241183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32570134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project of Zhong Shan Laboratory of Biological Breeding","award":["ZSBBL-KY2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSBBL-KY2023-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, mesotrione-resistant bacterium, designated strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    , was isolated from activated sludge treating pesticide-manufacturing wastewater. Strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    grew at 15\u201342 \u2103, pH 6\u201310 and 0\u20131.0%\u2009NaCl (w\/v), tolerated up to 2\u2009mM mesotrione and could fix nitrogen. Strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to\n                    <jats:italic>Azospirillum halopraeferens<\/jats:italic>\n                    Au 4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (98.1%) and less than 97% sequence similarity with other species of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Azospirillum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences placed strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    within genus\n                    <jats:italic>Azospirillum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , forming a subclade with\n                    <jats:italic>A. halopraeferens<\/jats:italic>\n                    Au 4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The values of digital DNA\u2013DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. halopraeferens<\/jats:italic>\n                    Au 4\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    were 25.5% and 82.7%, respectively, which were significantly below the recommended thresholds for species delineation (dDDH &lt;70%\u2009and ANI &lt;95\u201396%). The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\u2009\u03c97<\/jats:italic>\n                    c\n                    <jats:italic>\/<\/jats:italic>\n                    C1\n                    <jats:sub>8\u200a:\u200a1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\u2009\u03c96<\/jats:italic>\n                    c), C\n                    <jats:sub>16\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sub>18\u200a:\u200a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, glycolipid and two aminolipids as the predominant polar lipids; and ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone. The genome size was 8.1\u2009Mb with a DNA G+C content of 72.1%. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    represented a novel species of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Azospirillum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for which the name\n                    <jats:italic>Azospirillum caeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=MCCC 1K09771\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =KCTC 18385\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Additionally, a gene encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), named\n                    <jats:italic>AzhppD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was identified in strain A39\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Az<\/jats:italic>\n                    HPPD showed less than 61% similarity to previously reported HPPDs and was able to tolerate 30\u2009\u00b5M of mesotrione, which is an inhibitor of HPPD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:15:58Z","timestamp":1784042158000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Azospirillum caeni sp. nov., a mesotrione-resistant and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from an activated sludge"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Minglai","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Germplasm Resources 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