{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:56:16Z","timestamp":1792295776998,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26-22086S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26-22086S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI141958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI141958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article represents the valid publication of the names of three subspecies of\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These subspecies were first described by Robert M. Smibert in 1984 and correspond with organisms that cause syphilis (subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), yaws (subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and bejel (subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>endemicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in humans. The subspecies nomenclature has been widely used in the literature since that time but has not been validly published due in part to the availability of only limited genetic information. The designation of these subspecies is now supported by a large number of genomic sequences indicating a clear separation of these three closely related yet genetically distinct groups, as demonstrated in this study by phylogenetic analysis of a representative group of strains from each subspecies and the closely related lagomorph pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema paraluiscuniculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Subspecies-specific regions were also identified by genomic comparisons to provide an additional means of distinguishing the\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies and\n                    <jats:italic>T. paraluiscuniculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    without complete genomic sequencing. Finally, the Gauthier\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=BEI Resources NR-60826\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =DSM 120346\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Bosnia A\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=BEI Resources NR-60824\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =DSM 120347\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) strains are herein designated as the type strains of\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>endemicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, whereas Nichols\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    (=BEI Resources NR-59701\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    =DSM 117211\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and SS14 (=BEI Resources NR-60825=DSM 120345) represent type and reference strains of\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Overall, this article corroborates the many prior reports that support the formal establishment of the three\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies and provides additional guidelines for their distinction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T12:15:39Z","timestamp":1784895339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Formal description of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, comb. nov., Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, comb. nov., Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum, subsp. nov. and emended description of Treponema pallidum"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Norris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane G.","family":"Edmondson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget D.","family":"De Lay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan G.","family":"Kaval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsute","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Somerville, MA 02143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole A. 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