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This phytoplasma is associated with maize bushy stunt (MBS) disease in corn (\n                    <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and is transmitted exclusively by\n                    <jats:italic>Dalbulus maidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Dalbulus elimatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , two leafhopper species endemic to the Americas that has been reported in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and several U.S. states. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of MBS phytoplasma (MBSP) strains from Brazil and the USA to describe and propose this new species. Although the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the proposed reference strain, MBSP-BR\n                    <jats:sup>RS<\/jats:sup>\n                    , shares &gt;99% identity with that of \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Phytoplasma asteris\u2019, key nucleotide polymorphisms distinguish \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. zeae\u2019 from other 16SrI-related phytoplasma species. Genome-wide average nucleotide identity between \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. zeae\u2019 and all available \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. asteris\u2019-related strains genomes was between 92.6 and 98.4%. Comparative genomic analyses revealed unique gene clusters in \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. zeae\u2019 associated with amino acid transport, defence mechanisms and protein turnover, which may contribute to its specialization in corn. The ecological profile of \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. zeae\u2019, including its narrow host and vector range and restricted geographic distribution, supports its recognition as a novel species under Rule c of the IRPCM guidelines. The designation \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . P. zeae\u2019 is, therefore, proposed by members of the research community who have studied this pathogen for over a decade, with the MBSP-Brazil\n                    <jats:sup>RS<\/jats:sup>\n                    strain serving as the reference.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.007301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:16:52Z","timestamp":1791893812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018Candidatus Phytoplasma zeae\u2019: community-driven species delineation of the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, a Dalbulus-transmitted corn pathogen confined to the Americas"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Thierry Alexandre","family":"Pellegrinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de phytologie, Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Institute de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"L\u2019Institute EDS, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Molligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de phytologie, Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Institute de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"L\u2019Institute EDS, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abra\u00e3o Almeida","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de phytologie, Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Institute de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"L\u2019Institute EDS, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Canale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria e Extens\u00e3o Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Servid\u00e3o Ferdinando Ricieri Tusseti, 89.804-904, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Chapec\u00f3, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maira Rodrigues","family":"Duffeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Olmedo-Velarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames,, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordanne","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u2019Institute EDS, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de phytologie, Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Institute de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivair","family":"Valmorbida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Faris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos V. 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