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In the present study, we show that HIV-associated activation of MAPK leads to upregulation of transcription factor NF-\u03baB and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This induces the disruption of tight and adherens junctions, increasing HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread. Inhibition of HIV-associated MAPK activation by U0126 abolishes NF-\u03baB and MMP-9 upregulation and reduces HSV-1 spread. Inactivation of MMP-9 also reduced HIV-promoted HSV-1 spread. These results indicate that HIV-1-activated MAPK\/NF-\u03baB and MMP-9 play a critical role in the disruption of oral epithelial junctions and HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread. Inhibition of MMP-9 expression in the oral epithelium of HIV-infected individuals may prevent the development of diseases caused by HSV-1, such as ulcers, necrotic lesions and gingivostomatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T14:12:54Z","timestamp":1526652774000},"page":"937-947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["HIV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling promotes HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread in oral epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Irna","family":"Sufiawati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharof M.","family":"Tugizov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Department 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