{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:18:22Z","timestamp":1775283502915,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1<\/jats:italic> (syn. infectious laryngotracheitis virus; ILTV) is the causative agent of infectious laryngotracheitis, a respiratory disease of chickens causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry every year. Currently, the most efficient way to achieve protection against infection is immunization with live-attenuated vaccines. However, this vaccination strategy entails the risk of generating new pathogenic viruses resulting from spontaneous mutations or from recombination with field strains. This work presents a new approach based on virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying ILTV glycoproteins B (gB) or G (gG) on their surface. The main focus of this pilot study was to determine the tolerability of VLPs delivered <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> and intramuscularly (i.m.) into chickens and to investigate the nature of the immune response elicited. The study revealed that the new vaccines were well tolerated in hybrid layer chicks independent of the administration method (<jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> or i.m.). Upon <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> injection, vaccination with VLP-gG led to an antibody response, while a cellular immune response in VLP-gB-immunized chickens was hardly detectable. Since the administration of VLPs had no visible side effects <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and was shown to elicit an antibody-based immune response, we anticipate that VLPs will become a valuable platform for the development of new safe vaccines for poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T15:12:48Z","timestamp":1558105968000},"page":"1013-1026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Virus-like particles in a new vaccination approach against infectious laryngotracheitis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Sch\u00e4dler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Sigrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone M.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Albini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6583-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Wolfrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590111"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.02.029"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1588100"},{"key":"R4","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Diseases of Poultry","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2017"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217134"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.05.023"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00665.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7398-062105R.1"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120044542"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.588196"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/10383-092412-Reg.1"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/9401-052310-Reg.1"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459108418808"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2010.05.009"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8248784"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2849"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00549-1"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.11.4942"},{"key":"R19","first-page":"9-28","article-title":"Function of glycoprotein B homologues of the family Herpesviridae","volume":"3","author":"Pereira","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Agents Dis"},{"key":"R20","first-page":"293","article-title":"Glycoprotein neutralization","volume":"52","author":"Keller","year":"1984"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4669","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.12.4669","article-title":"Human cytotoxic T cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. 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