{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:16:44Z","timestamp":1778059004944,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus designated <jats:italic>Psammotettix alienus<\/jats:italic> reovirus (PARV) was found in the leafhopper <jats:italic>Psammotettix alienus<\/jats:italic> in China. Spherical particles approximately 70\u2009nm in diameter arranged in a crystalline array were observed in the salivary gland tissues of infected leafhoppers by transmission electron microscopy. Some viral particles were also encased in tubules, similar to those of previously described reoviruses. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the dsRNA genome of PARV consists of 29\u2009569 nucleotides (nt) divided into 10 segments ranging from 4403 to 1476 nt, with low G+C content (29.5\u201336.5\u200a%). All segments contained conserved terminal sequences (5\u2032AAC\u2026GUCA3\u2032) and specific panhandle structures formed by inverted terminal repeats in the noncoding regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) revealed that PARV was in the fijivirus clade, but in a monophyletic lineage with an unassigned insect reovirus (Hubei insect virus 2, HBIV-2), although PARV and HBIV-2 are distinct enough to represent a new group within the genus <jats:italic>Fijivirus<\/jats:italic>. Biological assays showed that PARV infects <jats:italic>P. alienus<\/jats:italic> but not wheat plants, implying that it is a new insect-specific reovirus in the leafhopper. 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