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Many such viruses were identified in East Africa, a region where they remain important and from where new arboviruses may emerge. We set out to describe and review the relevant mosquito-borne viruses that have been identified specifically in Uganda. We focused on the discovery, burden, mode of transmission, animal hosts and clinical manifestation of those previously involved in disease outbreaks. A search for mosquito-borne arboviruses detected in Uganda was conducted using search terms \u2018Arboviruses in Uganda\u2019 and \u2018Mosquitoes and Viruses in Uganda\u2019 in PubMed and Google Scholar in 2020. Twenty-four mosquito-borne viruses from different animal hosts, humans and mosquitoes were documented. The majority of these were from family<jats:italic>Peribunyaviridae<\/jats:italic>, followed by<jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Togaviridae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Phenuiviridae<\/jats:italic>and only one each from family<jats:italic>Rhabdoviridae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Reoviridae<\/jats:italic>. Sixteen (66.7\u200a%) of the viruses were associated with febrile illnesses. Ten (41.7\u200a%) of them were first described locally in Uganda. Six of these are a public threat as they have been previously associated with disease outbreaks either within or outside Uganda. Historically, there is a high burden and endemicity of arboviruses in Uganda. Given the many diverse mosquito species known in the country, there is also a likelihood of many undescribed mosquito-borne viruses. New generation diagnostic platforms have great potential to identify new viruses. Indeed, four novel viruses, two of which were from humans (Ntwetwe and Nyangole viruses) and two from mosquitoes (Kibale and Mburo viruses) including the 2010 yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak were identified in the last decade using next generation sequencing. Given the unbiased approach of detection of viruses by this technology, its use will undoubtedly be critically important in the characterization of mosquito viromes which in turn will inform other diagnostic efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T17:15:33Z","timestamp":1624554933000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mosquito-borne arboviruses in Uganda: history, transmission and burden"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Martin N.","family":"Mayanja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda"},{"name":"School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus 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