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HBV clones analysed in this study revealed differential replication kinetics of viral nucleic acids and expression of proteins. Sequence analysis of HBV clones revealed mutations in preS1, preS2 and S genes; deletion and insertion and point mutations in BCP\/PC region; including novel and previously reported mutations. Among the patient samples tested, HBV genotype B clones were more likely to have higher frequencies of mutations, while sub-genotype A1 and A2 clones tended to have fewer mutations. No polymerase drug resistant mutations were seen. HBeAg mutations were primarily in the BCP\/PC region in genotype B, but core truncations were found in genotype E. S gene mutations affecting HBsAg expression and detection were seen in all genotypes except A2. Using an HBV clone with repetitive terminal sequences and a\n                    <jats:italic>Sap<\/jats:italic>\n                    I restriction site allowed us to analyse HBV analyte production in cell culture and characterize the genetics of viral phenotypes using complete HBV genomes isolated from serum\/plasma samples of infected patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T10:17:18Z","timestamp":1635761838000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro characterization of six hepatitis B virus genotypes from clinical isolates using transfecting linear HBV genomes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zafrullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3928-7996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"},{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Mixson-Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2793-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Purdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","volume-title":"Global Hepatitis Report, 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024970"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01206.x"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-8-2059"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(03)00895-3"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21049"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360947"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9100495"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Clinical significance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes hepatology","volume":"35","author":"Chu","year":"2002"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000150411"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074988"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-69-10-2575"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90190-b"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.9.5437-5444.1995"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.531-538.1998"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00678-09"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000201226"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207634200"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54079-5"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1299"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01499-10"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27604"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011615"},{"key":"R25","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nuc Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390100505"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0068"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-214"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"R30","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 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